Adolescent Substance Use Initiation: Disentangling neurocognitive risks from consequences using longitudinal and genetically-informed methods

项目摘要 青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）是最大的长期研究大脑发育和儿童 美国的健康状况。ABCD研究联盟由全国21个研究中心组成， 一个协调中心和一个数据分析和信息学资源中心。在其头五年，根据RFA- DA-15-015，ABCD从整个联盟中招募了11，878名9-10奥尔兹的不同样本，并将跟踪 他们从青春期到青年期的生理和行为发展。所有参与者都接受 全面的基线评估，包括最先进的大脑成像，神经心理测试， 生物测定、仔细评估物质使用、心理健康、身体健康以及文化和环境。 类似的详细评估每两年进行一次。临时年度面谈和年中电话面谈 或移动的应用程序评估提供发育变化和生活事件的精确时间分辨率， 随着时间的推移发生，对参与的青少年和父母的负担最小。我们正加紧努力， 绝大多数参与者通过青少年及以后参与研究，因此保留率 远的很高。神经影像学将我们对大脑发育的理解从童年扩展到了 成年利用这项技术和其他尖端技术，ABCD可以确定不同类型的年轻人 体验（如体育，学校参与，课外活动，视频游戏，社交媒体，不健康的 睡眠模式和vaping）相互作用，并与孩子不断变化的生物学相互作用， 发展和社会，行为，学术，健康和其他成果。数据，安全和私人共享 与科学界，将使研究人员：（1）描述个人的发展途径， 神经，认知，情感和学术功能方面，以及影响因素;（2）制定国家 健康大脑发育的标准;（3）研究基因和环境的作用和相互作用 （4）研究体力活动、睡眠、屏幕时间、运动损伤（包括脑外伤） （5）确定和复制影响大脑发育的因素; 从童年到青年的心理健康;（6）表征心理健康与 物质使用;（7）具体说明使用大麻、酒精、烟草和咖啡因等物质如何影响 发展结果，以及神经，认知，情感和环境因素如何影响 青少年药物使用

PROJECT SUMMARY Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) is the largest long-term study of brain development and child health in the United States. The ABCD Research Consortium consists of 21 research sites across the country, a Coordinating Center, and a Data Analysis and Informatics Resource Center. In its first five years, under RFA- DA-15-015, ABCD enrolled a diverse sample of 11,878 9-10 year olds from across the consortium, and will track their biological and behavioral development through adolescence into young adulthood. All participants received a comprehensive baseline assessment, including state-of-the-art brain imaging, neuropsychological testing, bioassays, careful assessment of substance use, mental health, physical health, and culture and environment. A similar detailed assessment recurs every 2 years. Interim in-person annual interviews and mid-year telephone or mobile app assessments provide refined temporal resolution of developmental changes and life events that occur over time with minimal burden to participating youth and parents. Intensive efforts are made to keep the vast majority of participants involved with the study through adolescence and beyond, and retention rates thus far are very high. Neuroimaging has expanded our understanding of brain development from childhood into adulthood. Using this and other cutting-edge technologies, ABCD can determine how different kinds of youth experiences (such as sports, school involvement, extracurricular activities, videogames, social media, unhealthy sleep patterns, and vaping) interact with each other and with a child's changing biology to affect brain development and social, behavioral, academic, health, and other outcomes. Data, securely and privately shared with the scientific community, will enable investigators to: (1) describe individual developmental pathways in terms of neural, cognitive, emotional, and academic functioning, and influencing factors; (2) develop national standards of healthy brain development; (3) investigate the roles and interaction of genes and the environment on development; (4) examine how physical activity, sleep, screen time, sports injuries (including traumatic brain injuries), and other experiences influence brain development; (5) determine and replicate factors that influence mental health from childhood to young adulthood; (6) characterize relationships between mental health and substance use; and (7) specify how use of substances such as cannabis, alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine affects developmental outcomes, and how neural, cognitive, emotional, and environmental factors influence the risk for adolescent substance use.