Mechanisms of Risky Alcohol Use in Young Adults: Linking Sleep Duration and Timing to Reward- and Stress-Related Brain Function

7.项目总结/摘要 这项建议的长期目标是：1）评估酒精使用障碍的生物行为模型 (AUD)在近期有高危饮酒的年轻成人中（女性≥ 4杯/天或≥ 8杯/周，女性≥ 5杯/天或≥ 8杯/周）， 15/周男性）和高终身暴露于压力源，和2）利用睡眠和昼夜节律功能， 促进心理健康。这些目标与国家发展研究所的两个关键优先事项相一致， 酒精滥用和酒精中毒（NIAAA）：1）确定AUD的机制，2）改善预防和 酒精滥用的治疗建议的AUD模型假定睡眠持续时间和/或时间适中， 压力性生活事件通过干扰与奖励和压力相关的大脑对高危酒精使用的影响 功能研究方法使用两个互补的研究设计来评估所提出的模型：1） 一项观察性研究（n=150），将评估短时间和较晚的睡眠预测后来的奖励的程度- 和压力相关的脑功能和酒精使用，和2）一项实验研究（n=100），将评估 睡眠持续时间和时间在多大程度上影响与奖励和压力相关的大脑功能和酒精使用。的 样本包括年轻的成年人（18-24岁），最近有高风险饮酒和高终身暴露于 压力源（一生压力和逆境清单上≥20个压力源）。招募将分层，包括 短睡眠和晚睡眠的年轻人（工作日睡眠时间≤ 6 h且中点≥ 4 am; n=100）与长睡眠 早睡（工作日睡眠时间≥ 8h且中点≤ 2：30 am; n=50）。两项研究都包括测量 每日睡眠和压力事件2周;随后的实验室测量奖励和压力相关 脑功能、睡眠和昼夜节律特征;以及日常饮酒的自我报告措施 监测和2个月随访。这项实验研究包括随机分配年轻人， 从观察性研究到2周的短期和晚睡：1）90分钟的延长和提前 睡眠时机和定时（n=50）;或2）典型睡眠时机和定时（n=50）。这种研究方法 将实现三个具体目标：1）评估睡眠持续时间和/或时间预测奖励的程度- 和压力相关的大脑功能，并缓和紧张的生活事件的影响; 2）建立程度， 睡眠持续时间和/或时间影响奖励和压力相关的大脑功能，并缓和 压力生活事件; 3）确定奖励或压力相关的大脑功能变化的程度 调节睡眠持续时间和/或时间与饮酒之间的关联。调查小组已经 在年轻人中AUD的病因学和预防方面的专业知识，包括在 睡眠和压力性生活事件对压力和奖励系统的影响会导致AUD。三位调查员 他们也是有执照的心理学家，致力于翻译关于癌症机制的研究。 精神病理学到预防性干预

7. PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The long-term objectives of this proposal are: 1) to evaluate a biobehavioral model of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in young adults with recent high-risk drinking (≥ 4 drinks/day or ≥ 8/week for women, ≥ 5 drinks/day or ≥ 15/week for men) and high lifetime exposure to stressors, and 2) to leverage sleep and circadian function to promote mental health. These objectives are consistent with two key priorities of the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA): 1) identify mechanisms of AUDs, and 2) improve prevention and treatment for alcohol misuse. The proposed model of AUD posits that sleep duration and/or timing moderate the effects of stressful life events on high-risk alcohol use by disrupting reward- and stress-related brain function. The research approach uses two complementary study designs to evaluate the proposed model: 1) an observational study (n=150) that will assess the degree to which short and late sleep predict later reward- and stress-related brain function and alcohol use, and 2) an experimental study (n=100) that will evaluate the extent to which sleep duration and timing affect reward- and stress-related brain function and alcohol use. The sample includes young adults (18-24 years of age) with recent high-risk drinking and high lifetime exposure to stressors (≥20 stressors on a lifetime stress and adversity inventory). Recruitment will be stratified to include young adults with short and late sleep (weekday sleep duration ≤ 6 h & midpoint ≥ 4 am; n=100) versus long and early sleep (weekday sleep duration ≥ 8h & midpoint ≤ 2:30 am; n=50). Both studies include measurement of daily sleep and stressful events for 2 weeks; subsequent laboratory measures of reward- and stress-related brain function and sleep and circadian characteristics; and self-report measures of alcohol use during daily monitoring and 2-month follow-up. The experimental study includes random assignment of young adults with short and late sleep from the observational study to 2 weeks of either: 1) 90 min extension and advance of sleep opportunity and timing (n=50); or 2) typical sleep opportunity and timing (n=50). This research approach will accomplish three specific aims: 1) Evaluate the extent to which sleep duration and/or timing predict reward- and stress-related brain function, and moderate the effects of stressful life events; 2) Establish the extent to which sleep duration and/or timing affect reward- and stress-related brain function, and moderate the effects of stressful life events; and 3) Determine the extent to which changes in reward- or stress-related brain function mediate the associations between sleep duration and/or timing and alcohol use. The investigative team has expertise in the etiology and prevention of AUD in young adults, including specific expertise in the impact of sleep and stressful life events on the stress and reward systems that contribute to AUD. All three investigators are also licensed psychologists who are committed to translating research on the mechanisms of psychopathology to preventative interventions.