Investigating the role of substance use exposure and maternal psychological risk on child neural and behavioral assessments of executive functioning

项目摘要 从2019年到2020年，孕妇在过去一个月内使用酒精和非法药物的情况有所增加。的 怀孕期间戒断药物使用的妇女，产后3个月复发率高达51%。重要的是， 母亲在整个童年和青春期继续使用药物，八分之一的儿童年龄在 17在美国生活与至少一个父母与物质使用障碍。虽然以前的工作 已证实产前物质暴露对儿童神经认知结果的影响，先前的评估 忽视了在分娩后继续使用药物的家庭中抚养的影响， 整个童年。此外，这项先前的工作集中在产前物质使用暴露在隔离 而不考虑其他与物质使用高度共病的心理风险因素。因此， 确定怀孕期间及以后使用药物对儿童神经认知功能的影响， 确定是否物质使用，或与物质使用相关的无数心理风险因素， 塑造儿童神经认知发展。在这里，我将分析来自青少年大脑认知的数据， 独立评估产前和家庭物质暴露影响的研究 并与母亲的心理风险在青春期早期对儿童执行功能的影响一致， 测量执行功能的神经和行为相关性。这项工作将进一步提供 产前物质暴露对儿童神经认知发育影响的证据，强调了 家庭继续接触药物使用的重要性和更广泛的母亲对儿童的心理风险 结果。此外，这种方法将认识到心理症状的重要性，而不仅仅是物质 使用并提供经验基础，为未来的寿命评估母亲的精神病理学及其 对儿童神经认知功能其他领域的影响。最后，临床意义包括告知 针对受药物使用影响的家庭的干预和治疗方案， 在整个生命周期中提供支持，并识别共病的心理症状。

Project Summary Alcohol and illicit drug use during the past month increased from 2019 to 2020 among pregnant women. Of women abstaining from substance use during pregnancy, up to 51% relapse by 3 months postpartum. Importantly, maternal substance use continues throughout childhood and adolescence, with 1 in 8 children under the age of 17 in the United States living with at least one parent with a substance use disorder. While previous work has evidenced prenatal substance exposure effects on child neurocognitive outcomes, prior assessments have overlooked the impact of being raised in households where substance use continues after delivery and throughout childhood. Further, this prior work has focused on prenatal substance use exposure in isolation without considering other psychological risk factors highly comorbid with substance use. Therefore, it is critical to identify the impact of substance use during pregnancy and beyond on child neurocognitive functioning, and determine whether substance use, or the myriad of psychological risk factors associated with substance use, shape child neurocognitive development. Here, I will analyze data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study to assess the impact of prenatal and household substance exposure independently and in concert with maternal psychological risk on child executive functioning during early adolescence through measures of neural and behavioral correlates of executive functioning. Together, this work will provide further evidence of prenatal substance exposure effects on child neurocognitive development, highlighting the importance of continued household exposure to substance use and broader maternal psychological risk to child outcomes. Further, this approach will recognize the importance of psychological symptoms beyond substance use and provide an empirical foundation for future lifespan assessments of maternal psychopathology and its impact on other domains of children’s neurocognitive functioning. Finally, clinical implications include informing intervention and treatment programs for families affected by substance use by necessitating parenting-specific support across the lifespan and recognition of co-morbid psychological symptoms.