Cancer Prevention (CP) Research Program

摘要--癌症预防 癌症预防(CP)计划的广泛目标是通过以下方式减轻恶性肿瘤的负担 早发现、早预防。这一目标得到三个具体目标的支持：(1)确定新的战略，以 癌症风险分层和早期发现；(2)发现和开发新的设备和治疗方法，以减少 癌症风险；以及(3)开发和实施创新的干预措施，以促进降低风险的行为和 坚持筛查、早期发现和癌症预防方法。 这个多学科项目由外科医生兼翻译调查员Seema Khan共同领导，他的 研究重点是癌症风险生物标记物和预防癌症的新药理学方法，以及 Bonnie Spring博士，临床健康心理学家，其研究重点是行为风险因素和 预防癌症的技术支持的行为干预。癌症预防项目的26名教职员工 来自11个部门和2所学校的成员，进行初级和次级癌症预防的研究。 从2013到2017年，CP成员发表了405篇与癌症有关的出版物，其中71篇(18%)代表 方案内协作，85(21%)表示方案间协作，333(82%) 代表机构间的合作。与癌症相关的同行评审的预防资金总额 该计划为10,679,123美元(直接成本)，其中4,345,075美元(41%)来自NCI，5,610,841美元来自NIH其他研究所 以及来自其他同行评议来源的723,207美元。共有8230名患者参加了癌症研究 预防计划研究，有4037人参加了干预试验。其中，3971人应计 在风险生物标志物研究方面，147名受试者参加了预防药物的I-II阶段试验，1,349名受试者 参加降低癌症风险的行为干预研究的参与者。这项工作的重要性可见一斑。 通过：1)癌症预防药物在降低癌症风险方面被证明是成功的；2)大部分 癌症负担可归因于可变的行为和环境因素；以及3) 筛查和早期发现对最近癌症死亡率下降的影响。更好地坚持使用预防性药物， 促进降低风险的行为，改进癌症筛查和风险评估的实施 承诺在减轻癌症负担方面产生丰厚的红利。CP计划积极扩展 通过开发和应用尖端技术和技术预防癌症的能力和效果 用于药物和行为癌症预防干预的创新测量工具和方法。这个 该计划对预防的综合跨学科关注提供了一种环境，促进内部和跨领域的 计划协作，并催生了该领域的尖端进步。

ABSTRACT – CANCER PREVENTION The broad goal of the Cancer Prevention (CP) program is to reduce the burden of malignant disease through early detection and prevention. This goal is supported by three specific aims: (1) identify novel strategies for cancer risk stratification and early detection; (2) discover and develop new devices and therapeutics to reduce cancer risk; and (3) develop and implement innovative interventions to promote risk-reducing behaviors and adherence to screening, early detection and cancer prevention approaches. The multi-disciplinary program is co-led by Seema Khan, MD, a surgeon and translational investigator whose research focuses on cancer risk biomarkers and novel pharmacologic approaches to cancer prevention, and Bonnie Spring, PhD, a clinical health psychologist whose research focuses on behavioral risk factors and novel technology-supported behavioral interventions to prevent cancer. The Cancer Prevention Program's 26 faculty members from 11 departments and 2 schools, conduct research on primary and secondary cancer prevention. From 2013 to 2017 there were 405 cancer-relevant publications from CP members, of which 71 (18%) represent intra-programmatic collaborations, 85 (21%) represent inter-programmatic collaborations, and 333 (82%) represent inter-institutional collaborations. Total cancer relevant peer reviewed funding for the Prevention Program is $10,679,123 (direct costs) with $4,345,075 (41%) from the NCI, $5,610,841 from other NIH institutes and $723,207 from other peer reviewed sources. A total of 8,230 individuals were enrolled into Cancer Prevention Program studies, with 4,037 enrolled into interventional trials. Among them, 3,971 individuals accrued to studies of risk biomarkers, 147 subjects accrued to Phase I-II trials of preventive medications, and 1,349 participants to studies of behavioral interventions to reduce cancer risk. The importance of this work is evidenced by: 1) the demonstrated success of cancer prevention agents in reducing cancer risk; 2) the large portion of the cancer burden that can be attributed to mutable behavioral and environmental factors; and 3) the contribution of screening and early detection to recent declines in cancer mortality. Better adherence to preventive agents, promotion of risk-reducing behavior, and improved implementation of cancer screening and risk assessment all promise to yield rich dividends in reducing the burden of cancer. The CP program actively expands the capabilities and efficacy of cancer prevention by developing and employing cutting edge technology and innovative measurement tools and methods for drug- and behavioral cancer prevention interventions. The program's integrated interdisciplinary focus on prevention provides an environment that fosters intra- and inter- program collaboration, and has spawned cutting-edge advances in the field.