Understanding the Regional Ecology of a Future HIV Vaccine

项目总结 美国接种COVD-19疫苗的经验表明，个人接种疫苗的决定源于 许多因素，包括与疫苗安全有关的信念1；家庭、同龄人和社区的规范2；媒体 来源4；以及联邦、州和地方政策5.这些因素中的许多都源于历史演变和 地区特点，包括疫苗接种豁免、国家资助水平、公共部门 卫生通信、宗教和政治情绪，以及长期不愿接种疫苗。 尽管有证据表明这些因素有助于在几个领域接种疫苗，但过去的研究还没有。 研究了任何疫苗的这种进化的生态学。因此，如果一种新的艾滋病毒疫苗在 在不久的将来，全面、严谨地了解疫苗的影响因素，信息在 社区、规范和公共卫生政策将是最重要的。本项目将研究这种相互作用 在州或县一级的这些生态因素中，预测随着时间的推移个人意图的变化 如果疫苗获得批准，则接种艾滋病毒疫苗，以及个别接种其他疾病的疫苗，如 男男性行为者中的流感、甲型肝炎和新冠肺炎。该项目将研究 通过联系不同男男性接触者(N)的纵向调查，疫苗接种生态对未来艾滋病毒疫苗的影响 =1500)到州/县/邮政编码数据，媒体上的社区疫苗信息，疫苗接种规范， 以及疫苗和艾滋病毒政策，包括LGBT友好政策和公共卫生沟通 媒体。在了解了影响艾滋病毒疫苗接种意向的关键因素后，我们将进行一项实验， 另一个多样化的男男性接触者样本(N=1,000；目标2)。参与者将被随机分配到不同的条件下 疫苗特性、社区信息、疫苗接种规范和公共卫生政策，然后 疫苗选择和意图的完整衡量标准；选择登记疫苗试验登记和 选择报名参加关于艾滋病毒疫苗科学的教育会议，作为我们的 做实验。参与者还将完成行为控制、态度和主观规范的测量，如 我们的选择和意图结果的影响的可能中介。该项目将由广泛的 关于疫苗政策的试点数据、关于疫苗和艾滋病毒的公共卫生传播以及疫苗错误信息 跨州和随着时间的推移，以及招募和管理MSM队列和调查的经验 艾滋病毒疫苗在这一人群中的可接受性。该团队包括公共卫生、心理学、 艾滋病毒药物和艾滋病毒疫苗试验、传播、公共政策和经济，并将利用 宾夕法尼亚大学、艾滋病毒疫苗试验网络、宾夕法尼亚大学CFAR和 安纳伯格公共政策中心(APPC)对疫苗接种的决定因素进行尖端研究 对抗艾滋病毒。从这一创新项目中获得的数据将为制定政策和 在男男性接触者中宣传未来的艾滋病毒疫苗和其他推荐疫苗的公共卫生传播。

PROJECT SUMMARY The U.S. experience with COVD-19 vaccination has shown that an individual's decision to vaccinate stems from many factors, including beliefs related to vaccine safety1; the norms of family, peers, and community2,3; media sources4; and federal, state, and local policy5,6. Many of these factors stem from a historical evolution and regional idiosyncrasies, including regional differences in vaccination exemptions, levels of state funding, public health communications, religious and political sentiments, and, often, longstanding reluctance to vaccinate. Although there is evidence that these factors contribute to vaccination in several domains, no past research has examined the ecology of this evolution for any vaccine. As a result, if a new HIV vaccine were introduced in the near future, comprehensive, rigorous knowledge about the impact of vaccine factors, information circulating in the community, norms, and public health policies would be paramount. This project will investigate the interplay of these ecological factors at the state or county level, to predict over-time changes in individual intentions to vaccinate against HIV if a vaccine were approved, as well as individual vaccination against other diseases such as influenza, Hepatitis A, and COVID-19 among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM). The project will study the impact of the ecology of vaccination on a future HIV vaccine by linking longitudinal surveys of diverse MSM (N = 1500) to state/county/zip code data on community-based vaccine information in the media, vaccination norms, as well as vaccine and HIV policy, including LGBT friendly policies and public health communications in the media. After understanding key factors affecting HIV vaccination intentions, we will conduct an experiment with another sample of diverse MSM (N = 1,000; Aim 2). Participants will be randomized to conditions of different vaccine characteristics, information in the community, vaccination norms, and public health policies, and then complete measures of vaccine choices and intentions; the choice to enroll in a vaccination trial registry and the choice to sign up for an educational session about HIV-vaccine science as the behavioral endpoints for our experiment. Participants will also complete measures of behavioral control, attitudes, and subjective norms as the possible mediators of effects of our choice and intention outcomes. The project will be informed by extensive pilot data on vaccine policy, public health communications about vaccines and HIV, and vaccine misinformation across states and over time, as well as experience recruiting and managing cohorts of MSM and investigating the acceptability of an HIV vaccine in this population. The team includes expertise in public health, psychology, HIV medicine and HIV vaccine trials, communication, public policy, and economics, and will leverage the resources of the University of Pennsylvania, the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), the Penn CFAR, and the Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC) to conduct cutting edge research about the determinants of vaccination against HIV. The data obtained from this innovative project will supply the evidence base to inform policies and public health communications to promote a future HIV vaccine and other recommended vaccines among MSM.