Individual differences in memory generalization

项目摘要 记忆使我们能够记住过去事件的具体细节。记忆还能让我们构建复杂的 知识和推广到新的情况下，通过整合从几个经验中获得的信息。 虽然海马体长期以来一直被认为支持记忆特异性，但最近的兴趣集中在 海马在记忆整合和概括中的作用。记忆泛化到什么程度 依赖于独特的机制，不同于记忆具体细节的能力，是一个有很多争议的问题。 此外，特异性-泛化分离可能存在于海马体的长轴上，沿沿着， 海马子域，或通过海马与不同皮质区域的相互作用。一个关键挑战 在解决现有的理论和设计新的方法来测试他们是，泛化已经 使用一系列任务进行测量，但它们是否捕获了相同的潜在机制还没有 评估。在泛化研究中建立一个共同点（或区别）是关键的一步 努力协调孤立的研究领域的结果，并为今后的研究提供信息， 一般化个体差异提供了一种独特的手段来揭示不同任务 依赖于共同的或不同的潜在认知过程。在建议的R 03小型项目赠款中，参与者 （N=200）将完成一系列的记忆任务，包括几个假定的记忆概括和假定的记忆概括。 记忆特异性测量通常用于不同的实验室。主要拟议分析将揭示 不同的泛化任务测量相同的记忆泛化能力的程度， 记忆概括能力与记忆具体细节的能力分离的程度。的 这项工作将产生一个丰富的数据集，将在开放科学框架（或等效）平台上免费共享 这一点可以被问到很多问题。易于使用和记录的代码，用于收集每个内存 措施将与数据共享，供任何实验室采用。通过确定下列各项之间的等同或区别， 不同的记忆措施，结果将支持现有工作的知情合成，并促进 跨实验室的思想交叉。分离每个任务中的特殊性和概括过程 建立有效的泛化方法将为未来的神经影像学研究测试铺平道路 当前的一般化理论更广泛地说，这些结果将为当前的记忆功能理论提供信息， 可能有助于揭示神经系统中记忆特异性和泛化障碍的混合模式， 疾病、焦虑、抑郁、自闭症或中风后。

Project summary Memory allows us to remember specific details of past events. Memory also allows us to build complex knowledge and generalize to new situation, by integrating information acquired across several experiences. While hippocampus has been long known to support memory specificity, more recent interests have focused on the hippocampal role in memory integration and generalization. To what degree memory generalization relies on unique mechanisms, distinct from the ability to remember specific details, is a matter of much debate. Furthermore, specificity-generalization dissociations may exist along the long axis of the hippocampus, across the hippocampal subfields, or through hippocampal interactions with distinct cortical regions. A key challenge in resolving among current theories and designing new ways to test them is that generalization has been measured using a range of tasks, but whether they capture the same underlying mechanism has not been evaluated. Establishing a common denominator (or a distinction) across generalization studies is a critical step towards reconciling results from isolated lines of research and informing future research of hippocampal-based generalization. Individual differences provide a unique means to uncover the degree to which different tasks rely on shared or distinct underlying cognitive processes. In the proposed R03 Small Project Grant, participants (N=200) will complete a range of memory tasks, including several putative memory generalization and putative memory specificity measures typically used in different labs. The primary proposed analyses will reveal the degree to which distinct generalization tasks measure the same memory generalization capability and the degree to which memory generalization ability is dissociable from the ability to remember specific details. The work will yield a rich dataset that will be freely shared on Open Science Framework (or equivalent) platform and that can be queried for many questions. Easy-to-use and documented code for collecting each memory measure will be shared with the data for any lab to adopt. By establishing equivalency or distinctions among different memory measures, the results will support informed synthesis of existing work and facilitate crosspollination of ideas across labs. Dissociating specificity and generalization processes within each task and establishing validated generalization measures will pave way for future neuroimaging research testing current generalization theories. More broadly, the results will inform current theories of memory function and may help shed light on mixed patterns of memory specificity and generalization impairments in neurological diseases, anxiety, depression, autism, or following a stroke.