Using Bacterial Effectors to Uncover Innate Immune Mechanisms Restricting Viral Replication in Bat Cells
Using Bacterial Effectors to Uncover Innate Immune Mechanisms Restricting Viral Replication in Bat Cells
批准号:
10592024
负责人:
Don Brad Gammon
金额:
$24.6万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2023
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
未结题
起止时间:
2023-08-11 至 2025-07-31
关键词:
AddressAffectArbovirus InfectionsArbovirusesAttentionBacteriaBacterial InfectionsBacteriophagesBiological AssayBiological ModelsCRISPR/Cas technologyCell physiologyCellsCellular biologyChiropteraCytoplasmDataEukaryotic CellExpression LibraryFamilyFilovirusGenesGleanGoalsGrantHumanImmuneImmune EvasionImmune responseImmune systemImmunityImmunologic FactorsImmunologicsImmunologyImmunosuppressionInfectionInnate Immune ResponseInsectaIntegration Host FactorsLibrariesMethodologyMethodsNatural ImmunityPathogenesisPathway interactionsPopulationPredispositionProtein SecretionProteinsProteomicsPublic HealthRNA InterferenceRNA interference screenResearchRhabdoviridaeRing Finger DomainShigella flexneriSystemTechniquesTestingTherapeuticTogaviridaeVaccinesViral reservoirVirulence FactorsVirusVirus DiseasesVirus ReplicationWorkYeastscell typecomparative genomicsgenome editinggenome-wideinnate immune mechanismsinnovationinsightnovelpathogenpathogenic bacteriapathogenic virusprotein degradationprotein functionrespiratory virusscreeningtooltranscriptomic profilingtransmission processubiquitin ligaseyeast two hybrid system
中文摘要
项目摘要
蝙蝠是影响人类的各种病毒病原体的重要宿主。然而,我们有一个贫穷的
了解限制病毒复制的蝙蝠先天免疫关键因素。 功能测定,
要了解先天性免疫,需要确定与对抗病毒真正相关的蝙蝠因素,
最终确定蝙蝠对病毒感染的易感性的机制。虽然历史上这样的功能屏幕
依赖于全基因组的基因组编辑(例如CRISPR-RNAi Cas9)-siRNA或基于RNAi的RNA干扰(RNAi)
尽管使用了先进的技术,但大多数蝙蝠物种都无法使用这种平台。因此,新的方法来揭示功能性的,
需要蝙蝠对病毒感染的免疫应答的相关组分。为了满足这一需求,我们
开发了一种创新的虫媒病毒“拯救”测定法,其中免疫逃逸蛋白(IEPs)由
哺乳动物病原体可以在蝙蝠细胞中表达
虫媒病毒感染候选IEP表达后虫媒病毒复制的增强表明
IEP可能会抑制蝙蝠的免疫机制,通常限制虫媒病毒的复制。 使用这些IEP作为
“工具”,然后可以确定这些IEPs针对的蝙蝠免疫因素。 因此,这种筛选方法
提供了一种机制,以确定新的IEPs和蝙蝠免疫功能相关的成分,
反应为了发现促进虫媒病毒在蝙蝠细胞中复制的IEPs,我们将筛选表达文库,
编码约200种细菌效应蛋白。细菌效应子是由病原菌分泌到细胞中的蛋白质。
调节或抑制各种真核细胞过程以促进细菌生长的真核宿主细胞
复制的 许多在真核宿主细胞的细胞质中复制的细菌病原体编码效应子
作为IEP的功能。因此,我们假设一些效应物可能抑制免疫反应,
细菌和细胞质病毒如虫媒病毒。 事实上,我们的初步筛选已经确定了四个
当在蝙蝠细胞中表达时,促进四种不同虫媒病毒复制的效应物。 我们有
将这些效应筛选“命中”之一表征为靶向未表征的环的新型泛素连接酶,
指状(RNF)结构域-包含在真核细胞中降解的蛋白质。重要的是,这种RNAi消耗
人和蝙蝠细胞中的RNF因子促进虫媒病毒复制,这表明它可能是一种新的成分
人类和蝙蝠的免疫反应。这些结果表明,我们可以使用细菌效应器作为工具,
抑制和鉴定蝙蝠中功能性免疫相关的免疫因子。本研究的具体目标如下:1)
鉴定在蝙蝠细胞中促进虫媒病毒复制的细菌效应蛋白;
与来自我们的虫媒病毒拯救测定的效应子“命中”相互作用; 3)确定哪些蝙蝠宿主因子
与效应蛋白的相互作用影响病毒复制。 我们的长期目标是利用这个模型系统,
定义限制虫媒病毒复制的关键蝙蝠先天免疫机制。
英文摘要
Project Summary
Bats are important reservoirs for diverse viral pathogens affecting humans. However, we have a poor
understanding of the key bat innate immunity factors that restrict virus replication. Functional assays that can
identify bat factors that are truly relevant to combating viruses are needed to understand the innate immune
mechanisms that ultimately define bat susceptibility to viral infection. While historically such functional screens
have relied on genome-wide genomic editing (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9)- or RNA interference (RNAi)-based
techniques, such platforms are unavailable for most bat species. Thus, new methods for uncovering functionally-
relevant components of the bat immune response to virus infection are needed. To address this need, we have
developed an innovative arbovirus "rescue" assay wherein immune evasion proteins (IEPs) encoded by
mammalian pathogens can be expressed in bat cells and one can assay for changes in bat cell susceptibility to
arbovirus infection. Enhancement of arbovirus replication after expression of a candidate IEP indicates that the
IEP likely inhibits bat immunity mechanisms that normally restrict arbovirus replication. Using these IEPs as
"tools", one can then identify the bat immunity factors these IEPs target. Thus, this screening methodology
provides a mechanism to both identify novel IEPs and functionally-relevant components of the bat immune
response. To discover IEPs that promote arbovirus replication in bat cells, we will screen an expression library
encoding ~200 bacterial effector proteins. Bacterial effectors are proteins secreted by pathogenic bacteria into
eukaryotic hosts cells that modulate or inhibit various eukaryotic cellular processes to promote bacterial
replication. Many bacterial pathogens that replicate in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic host cells encode effectors
that function as IEPs. Thus, we hypothesize that some effectors may suppress immune responses that restrict
both bacteria and cytoplasmic viruses such as arboviruses. Indeed, our initial screens have identified four
effectors that promote the replication of four different arboviruses when expressed in bat cells. We have
characterized one of these effector screen "hits" as a novel ubiquitin ligase that targets an uncharacterized Ring
Finger (RNF) Domain-containing protein for degradation in eukaryotic cells. Importantly, RNAi depletion of this
RNF factor in human and bat cells promotes arbovirus replication, suggesting that it may be a novel component
of human and bat immune responses. These results suggest that we can use bacterial effectors as tools to both
inhibit, and identify, functionally-relevant immunity factors in bats. Our study has the following specific aims: 1)
Identify bacterial effector proteins that promote arbovirus replication in bat cells;; 2) Identify bat proteins
interacting with effector “hits” from our arbovirus rescue assays;; and 3) Determine which bat host factors
interacting with effector protein hits affect viral replication. Our long-term goal is to use this model system to
define the key bat innate immune mechanisms that restrict arbovirus replication.
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会议论文
Exploiting Pathogen-Encoded Immune Evasion Proteins to Uncover Evolutionarily Conserved Antiviral Host Machinery
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批准号:10027582
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$40.86万
-
财政年份:2020
-
负责人:Don Brad Gammon
-
依托单位:
Exploiting Pathogen-Encoded Immune Evasion Proteins to Uncover Evolutionarily Conserved Antiviral Host Machinery
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批准号:10671083
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$41.0万
-
财政年份:2020
-
负责人:Don Brad Gammon
-
依托单位:
Exploiting Pathogen-Encoded Immune Evasion Proteins to Uncover Evolutionarily Conserved Antiviral Host Machinery
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批准号:10455470
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$41.0万
-
财政年份:2020
-
负责人:Don Brad Gammon
-
依托单位:
Exploiting Pathogen-Encoded Immune Evasion Proteins to Uncover Evolutionarily Conserved Antiviral Host Machinery
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批准号:10224273
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$40.99万
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财政年份:2020
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负责人:Don Brad Gammon
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依托单位:
海外基金