Refining the Measurement of Parenting

项目摘要/摘要 有效的育儿方式是儿童健康发展的重要组成部分。低效的育儿技巧一直是 被认为是儿童外化和内化症状的促成因素，可能 严重扰乱儿童的功能并延续到成年期。有效的工具来评估育儿和 随着时间的推移，衡量这些领域的变化将有助于更全面地理解这两个领域 规范的和非典型的发展道路。因此，有必要采取简短的育儿措施 和低成本，具有强大的心理测量特性和既定的规范，减少社会期望偏差， 具有文化包容性，对变化很敏感。为了满足对满足这些要求的措施的需求 在过去的10年里，我们系统地发展了有效父母测验(Keep)的知识 年(K01MH093508；R21HD090145)。在目前的迭代中，Keep是对以下内容的在线评估 父母/监护人回答问题，回答15个常见和具有挑战性的简短小插曲 育儿场景。这项措施是为5-12岁儿童的父母制定的，涵盖父母- 已知的管理技能与儿童破坏性行为障碍有关，包括年龄- 适当的期望，有效的沟通，有计划的忽视，奖励，结果，关注 积极的行为，以及表扬。这个拟议的项目将在我们先前工作的基础上完成三项工作 新的目标，将扩大保留的效用和效率。目标1是为 有效的父母养育测验(KEVED)的知识，适用于与 儿童内化症状的发展和维持。目标2是开发计算机自适应 测试(CAT)版本的保持内部化(Keep-I)和保持外部化(Keep-E)，在 具有全国代表性的样本(N=1,000)。目标3是建立KEEP-I的信度和效度 并将-E保存在有症状的样本(N=200)和健康对照组(N=100)中，间隔12个月。这 测量R01将产生一个扩展的项目库，用于保持育儿领域的新内容 与内化症状的发展和维持有关，以及CAT版本 扩展测试的结果。鉴于学龄儿童内化症状的比率不断上升，这一点很重要。 儿童，因为这些症状经常与外在症状同时出现，并且经常 被低估了。该项目有可能推动治疗开发商的操作和 衡量育儿知识和技能。这一拟议的项目符合NICHD的使命，即确保 “让所有的孩子都有机会充分发挥他们的潜力，过上健康和富有成效的生活。”

Project Summary/Abstract Effective parenting is a critical component of healthy child development. Ineffective parenting skills have been implicated as contributing factors for childhood externalizing and internalizing symptoms, which may significantly disrupt children’s functioning and extend into adulthood. Effective tools to assess parenting and measure change in these domains over time will contribute to a more complete understanding of both normative and atypical developmental pathways. Thus, there is a need for parenting measures that are brief and low-cost, have strong psychometric properties and established norms, reduce social desirability biases, are culturally inclusive, and are sensitive to change. To address the need for a measure that meets these criteria, we have systematically developed the Knowledge of Effective Parenting Test (KEPT) over the past 10 years (K01MH093508; R21HD090145). In its current iteration, the KEPT is an online assessment for which parents/guardians answer questions in response to 15 brief vignettes of both common and challenging parenting scenarios. Developed for parents of children aged 5-12, the measure covers knowledge of parent- management skills known to be associated with childhood disruptive behavior disorders, including age- appropriate expectations, effective communication, planned-ignoring, rewards, consequences, attending to positive behavior, and praise. This proposed project will build on our previous work by accomplishing three new aims that will extend the utility and efficiency of the KEPT. Aim 1 is to develop new content for the Knowledge of Effective Parenting Test (KEPT) for domains of parenting that are associated with the development and maintenance of childhood internalizing symptoms. Aim 2 is to develop computer adaptive test (CAT) versions of the KEPT-Internalizing (KEPT-I) and KEPT-Externalizing (KEPT-E) that are calibrated in a nationally representative sample (N = 1,000). Aim 3 is to establish the reliability and validity of the KEPT-I and KEPT-E in a symptomatic sample (N = 200) and healthy controls (N = 100) over a 12-month interval. This measurement R01 will result in an expanded item pool for the KEPT with new content for domains of parenting that are associated with the development and maintenance of internalizing symptoms, along with CAT versions of the expanded test. This is important given the increasing rates of internalizing symptoms among school age children, and because these symptoms often co-occur with externalizing symptoms and are frequently underrecognized. The project has the potential to advance the way treatment developers operationalize and measure parenting knowledge and skills. This proposed project is consistent with NICHD’s mission to ensure “that all children have the chance to achieve their full potential for healthy and productive lives.”