In-vivo polymicrobial biofilms resulting in implant corrosion and metallosis

摘要 金属沉积是一个术语，用于描述暴露于金属颗粒和离子的组织染色- vivo.没有明确的诊断为金属沉着病，但它被认为是一个重大的健康 根据FDA的威胁，因为释放的金属与心脏毒性、神经毒性和 癌的这项工作的首要假设是，体内非致病性细菌 脊柱硬件上的生物膜通过腐蚀影响金属的释放， 患者为了验证这一假设，我们将追求以下目标：具体目标1将检查 细菌与脊柱硬件表面上观察到的腐蚀之间的关联， 表面损伤和细菌相关生物分子的存在的定量 整合到受损的表面。为此，我们将使用表面光学显微镜， 量化表面改性的类型和面积覆盖范围，无论是磨损还是腐蚀， 整个器械组件、椎弓根螺钉或棒。腐蚀的光学显微镜测定 不存在机械损伤的区域将阐明金属的可能总量 基于表面积测量的释放。这些表面是如何被修改的， 机械损伤将使用飞行时间扫描离子质谱仪来表征 （TOF-SIMS）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）。具体目标2将 表征构成固定脊柱硬件上生物膜的细菌环境， 金属沉着症病例。由于缺乏对体内脊柱器械的了解， 微生物组，本目标将确定与植入物腐蚀相关的常见微生物。的 这项工作的影响将是深入了解体内金属腐蚀的机制， 导致临床治疗可能发生变化，需要使用新材料或改良材料，或 改变外科手术以降低金属沉着病的风险。

ABSTRACT Metallosis is a term used to describe staining of tissues exposed to metal particles and ions in- vivo. There is no explicit diagnosis for metallosis, but it is recognized as a significant health threat per the FDA as the released metals are associated with cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and cancers. The overarching hypothesis of this work is that in-vivo non-pathogenic bacterial biofilms on spinal hardware affect the release of metal via corrosion thus causing metallosis in patients. To test this hypothesis, we will pursue the following aims: Specific Aim 1 will examine the association of bacteria with observed corrosion on the surfaces of spine hardware via the quantification of surface damage and the presence of bacterial associated biomolecules integrated into the damaged surfaces. To do so we will use surface optical microscopy to quantify the type and area coverage of surface modification whether wear or corrosion, over the entire device component, pedicel screw or rod. Optical microscopy determination of corrosion regions without existing mechanical damage will elucidate the total possible amount of metal release based on surface area measurements. How these surfaces are modified beyond mechanical damage will be characterized using Time of Flight-Scanning Ion Mass Spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Work in Specific Aim 2 will characterize the bacterial milieu constituting the biofilms on explanted spine hardware in metallosis cases. Because of the lack of understanding of the in-vivo spinal instrumentation microbiome, this Aim will identify the common microbes associated with implant corrosion. The impact of this work will be to give insight to the mechanisms of in-vivo metal corrosion, thus leading to possible changes in clinical treatments, the necessity of new or modified materials, or changes to surgical procedures to reduce the risk of metallosis.