FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF HUMAN BRAIN LANGUAGE SYSTEMS

该项目的直接目标是开发功能磁共振成像作为一种 研究语言的大脑组织。实现这一目标 目标要求各种标准化的激活程序 制定并获得对突出问题的准确描述 影响功能磁共振反应的变量。一系列系统性的激活 实验是基于心理物理学的技术提出的， 认知心理学和神经心理学。据推测， 基本声刺激变量包括速率、强度和 持续时间影响fMRI反应的大小和空间分布 在大脑皮层的听觉感觉区。这样做的第一个具体目标是 项目是测量功能磁共振反应和这些之间的关系 刺激变量。对这些刺激效应的理解将 能够设计和解释后续的几组实验 使用更复杂的任务。据推测，听觉大脑皮层 与言语知觉有关的区域具有一种内部功能 处理语言特征和非语言特征的组织 演讲。因此，该项目的第二个具体目标是绘制 这些区域，以努力澄清早期言语的解剖学基础 正在处理。这些研究将利用选择性的 注意调节以识别低血压患者的功能专门区 水平声学处理、语音感知、语调和语音 歧视。最后，我们假设在较高的水平上激活 联想区域取决于不同于的认知加工需求 身体刺激。这个项目的最终具体目标是 描述与认知语言相关的fMRI反应 需要语音和语义加工功能的行为。 调节语音辨别的部件系统，音位 操控和语言工作记忆将使用一组 对比减法范例。语义的结构 后部联合区域的代表性将由 在以下过程中操作检索到的信息的类别和模式属性 一项语义决策任务。左额叶在语义中的作用 并将使用层次集合来研究语音功能 任务减法实验。为了实现这些目标，这个项目 将为更广泛的长期目标奠定基础，以便在 提高影响语言的脑部疾病的诊断和治疗水平 功能，包括痴呆症、中风、阅读障碍和癫痫。这么长的时间- 长期目标是这个长期目标的一个组成部分。 计划项目：开发fMRI用于临床应用 神经精神疾病。

The immediate goal of this project is to develop FMRI as a technique for investigating the cerebral organization of language. Achievement of this goal requires that a variety of standardized activation procedures be developed and that precise descriptions be obtained of the salient variables influencing FMRI responses. A systematic series of activation experiments is proposed, based on techniques drawn from psychophysics, cognitive psychology, and neuropsychology. It is hypothesized that elementary acoustic stimulus variables including rate, intensity, and duration affect the magnitude and spatial distribution of FMRI responses in auditory sensory regions of the cortex. The first Specific Aim of this project is to measure the relationships between FMRI responses and these stimulus variables. An understanding of these stimulus effects will enable the design and interpretation of subsequent groups of experiments using more complex tasks. It is hypothesized that the auditory cortical regions concerned with speech perception possess an internal functional organization for processing linguistic and non-linguistic features of speech. Consequently, a second Specific Aim of the project is to map these regions in an effort to clarify the anatomic basis of early speech processing. These studies will exploit the phenomenon of selective attentional modulation to identify functionally specialized areas for low- level acoustic processing, phonetic perception, intonation, and voice discrimination. Finally, it is hypothesized that activation in higher association areas depends on cognitive processing demands distinct from the physical stimulus. The final Specific Aim of this project is to characterize the FMRI responses associated with cognitive language behaviors which require phonologic and semantic processing functions. Component systems mediating phonetic discrimination, phonological manipulation, and verbal working memory will be mapped using a set of contrasting subtraction paradigms. The structure of semantic representation in posterior association areas will be investigated by manipulating category and modal attributes of retrieved information during a semantic decision task. The role of the left frontal lobe in semantic and phonological functions will be investigated using a hierarchical set of task subtraction experiments. In achieving these aims, this project will lay the foundation for a broader, long-term goal to use FMRI in improving the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases affecting language function, including dementia, stroke, dyslexia, and epilepsy. This long- term goal is one component of the stated long-range objective of this program project: to develop FMRI for clinical applications in neuropsychiatric illness.