LATITUDE WITHIN AN NCEP STEP 1 DIET--AN OPTIMAL DIET

这项研究的广泛和长期目标是检查 降低冠心病(CHD)风险的潜在影响 NCEP/AHA第一步饮食目前可能被低估，因为 过分强调避免脂肪和胆固醇以及 不重视包括植物性食品。大量的 植物性食品中的饮食因素与这种减少有关 各种冠心病危险因素。然而，食品行业的生产 在过去的十年里，数以千计的新的“减脂”食品 现在使遵循低脂肪饮食成为可能，并以高脂肪饮食为基础 糖类商业休闲食品，而不是植物性食品。我们会 设计两种同时符合NCEP/AHA第一步饮食指南和 在总脂肪，饱和脂肪，单不饱和脂肪， 多不饱和脂肪、胆固醇、蛋白质和总碳水化合物。一 饮食将包括很大比例的植物性食物，并将 植物蛋白质、精氨酸、复合体含量相对较高 碳水化合物、可溶性和不溶性纤维、维生素E、C和叶酸， 类胡萝卜素、植物甾醇、植物雌激素、类黄酮类、大蒜素和 皂苷(NCEP-Plus)。另一种饮食将包括很大比例的 市面上出售的以零食为主的减脂产品 食物和动物蛋白含量相对较高，很简单 碳水化合物和反式脂肪酸(NCEP-low)。在一项临床试验中 使用一项平行设计，70名低密度脂蛋白中度升高的成年人 胆固醇(低密度脂蛋白130-190毫克/分升)将随机分为两组 节食四周。我们会提供所有的餐食。的组成 这两种研究饮食将通过化学分析来确定。这个 主要研究终点将包括空腹血清低密度脂蛋白-C水平， 胰岛素和同型半胱氨酸、血压、低密度脂蛋白体外易感性 氧化降解、单核细胞黏附和内皮反应性。 我们的目的是检查对避免肥胖和 胆固醇而不是植物性食物会导致 低估了NCEP/AHA第一步的潜在健康益处 饮食，并确定在总体上有利变化的幅度 利用现有营养可达到的CHD危险因素概况 设计一份“最佳”整体饮食的知识。

The broad and long-term objective of the study is to examine whether the potential impact on coronary heart disease (CHD) risk reduction of an NCEP/AHA Step one diet may currently be underestimated because of an overemphasis on the avoidance of fat and cholesterol and an underemphasis on the inclusion of plant-based foods. A large number of dietary factors in plant-based foods have been linked to the reduction of various CHD risk factors. However, the food industry's production of thousands of new "reduced-fat" food products over the last decade has now made it possible to follow a low-fat diet with a foundation in high- sugar commercial snack foods rather than plant-based foods. We will design two diets that both meet NCEP/AHA Step One Diet guidelines and are matched on total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol, protein and total carbohydrate. One diet will include a large proportion of plant-based foods, and will be relatively higher in content of plant protein, arginine, complex carbohydrates, soluble and insoluble fiber, Vitamins E, C and folate, carotenoids, phytosterols, phytoestrogens, flavonoids, allicin and saponins (NCEP-Plus). The other diet will include a large proportion of commercially available reduced fat products with an emphasis on snack foods and will be relatively higher in animal protein, simple carbohydrates and trans fatty acids (NCEP-Low). In a clinical trial using a parallel design, seventy adults with moderately elevated LDL- cholesterol (LDL-C 130-190 mg/dL) will be randomized to one of the two diets for four weeks. All meals will be provided. The composition of the two study diets will be determined by chemical analysis. The primary study endpoints will include fasting serum levels of LDL-C, insulin and homocysteine, blood pressure, in vitro susceptibility of LDL to oxidative degradation, monocyte adhesion, and endothelial reactivity. Our intentions are to examine whether a focus on avoiding fat and cholesterol rather than including plant-based foods results in underestimating the potential health benefits of an NCEP/AHA Step One Diet, and to determine the magnitude of favorable changes in an overall CHD risk factor profile that can be achieved by using current nutrition knowledge to design a "best-possible" overall diet.