THE GENETICS, VARIABILITY, AND PATHOGENICITY OF USTILAGO HORDEI

大麦是一种重要的粮食作物。 人和动物的营养。在美国，第二大生产国 在大麦中，40%的作物用于人类食品，60%的大麦用于人类食品。 作为动物饲料。黑粉菌Ustilago hordei(Pers.)拉格是该公司的临时代理 该病覆盖大麦黑穗病，是一种机会主义的病原体。 人类的问题。细胞毒性和免疫抑制药物的使用增加 毒品和艾滋病在人口中的升级加剧了 机会主义真菌在人类健康问题中的作用。无论如何有限 对这些基因的遗传学和治疗控制方面的研究已经完成 真菌。该项目的目标是利用 现代分子遗传操作和经典技术 发展对遗传变异性的清楚理解和 并将其转化为一个工作模型，用于 病原性真菌病的临床与现场控制 情况。这将通过1)营养缺乏症的诱导来实现 以及经典和分子的抗菌剂遗传标记 侧重于基因和RFLP(限制性片段)的遗传分析 长度多态)作图2)物理特性 通过发展和分析分子核型获得基因组3) 用PAGE(聚丙烯酰胺凝胶)研究蛋白质的多态性 电泳)4)野生动物作用的超微结构阐明 类型和形态突变的孢子萌发、接合和 对感病寄主致病力的影响。这些 实验方法将同时培训学生在 了解开发和使用一系列微生物和 分子遗传学原理和方法论 原核生物和真核生物研究委员会申请。 从这些研究中获得的结果将增加可用性 用于人和动物的饮食和营养的大麦，也形成 是生物医学领域应用研究的宝贵基础 更好地理解微生物的遗传学和它们的 治疗性对照。

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) L. is an important cereal crop in the diet and nutrition of humans and animals. In the US., the second largest producer of barley, 40% of the crop is utilized for human food products and 60% for animal feed. Ustilago hordei (Pers.) Lagerh is the casual agent for the disease covered smut of barley and is an opportunist agent in a range of human problems. The increased use of cytotoxic and immunosuppressive drugs and the escalation of AIDS in the population have exacerbated the role of opportunist fungi in human health problems. However limited research has been done on the genetics, and therapeutic control of these fungi. The objective of this project is to utilize a combination of modern molecular genetic manipulations and classical techniques to develop a clear understanding of the genetic variability and pathogenicity of U. hordei and translate this into a working model for the control of pathogenic fungal diseases under clinical and field situations. This will be accomplished by 1) the induction of auxotrophic and fungicide resistant genetic markers for classical and molecular genetic analyses with emphasis on gene and RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) mapping 2) the physical characterization of the genome through the development and analysis of molecular karyotypes 3) investigation of protein polymorphism through PAGE (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) 4) ultra-structural elucidation of the roles of wild type and morphological mutant sporidial budding, conjugation and fimbriation in the pathogenicity of the susceptible host. These experimental approaches will simultaneously train students in understanding the development and employment of a range of microbial and molecular genetics principles and methodologies that have across the board application for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic research. The results obtained from these studies will increase the availability of barley for the diet and nutrition of humans and animals and also form an invaluable base for applied research in the biomedical field through a greater understanding of the genetics of microorganisms and their therapeutic control.