JOB CHARACTERISTICS & ALCOHOLISM IN WHITE COLLAR WORKERS

到目前为止，关于工作与就业之间关系的研究结果表明， 饮酒是相当模棱两可的，部分原因是高度的诱导性， 这一研究的大部分特点，这两个几乎特设性质， 结果（酒精相关）变量和工作特征， 分析，未能控制与工作无关的因素，如 婚姻压力或性格特征，以及有关以下方面的信息不足 受试者的工作经历是否早于酒精的发展 这些问题是他们假设造成的。 此外，大多数前 分析是以蓝领工人为样本。 这项研究将解决 这些问题中的每一个都是通过（1）测试几个假设链接的模型 具体的工作特征和酗酒之间，（2）系统地 分析各种酒精结果指标（包括酒精滥用 和依赖性，数量-频率-变异性措施， 饮酒，以及对饮酒的态度），以及（3）分析时间 饮酒问题的发生与受试者的任期之间的关系 现在的雇主。 拟议分析的数据来源是 西屋公司1870名白色白领员工调查 在1988年进行。 这项调查最初是为了评估 这一人群中情绪障碍和酗酒的患病率， 收集了有关酒精消费的详细信息， 工作特点、婚姻紧张和其他一些与工作无关的因素 需要控制的因素等，因此，这是最大的 白色领专业人员的样本， 酒精使用和工作特点已经确定。 的配偶 已婚员工填写了一份简短的问卷，其中包括 关于酒精相关行为和对酒精的态度的问题。 除了使用标准的多元统计程序外， （多元和逻辑回归和结构方程模型）和 生存分析方法（比例风险模型），两种类型 经济计量分析-有限因变量分析和 切换回归模型-将被用来试图改善 工作酒精的具体概念之间的对应关系 关系和用于调查这一点的统计模型 关系 预计开发的建模方法 这项研究将有助于那些调查类似问题， 蓝领工人，结果将有助于 通知设计 未来的研究（横向或纵向）的关系 工作和酗酒之间的区别

To date, the research findings on the relationship between work and drinking are quite equivocal, in part because of the highly inductive character of much of this research, the almost ad hoc nature of both the outcome (alcohol-related) variables and the job characteristics that are analyzed, the failure to control for nonwork-related factors such as marital stress or personality traits, and insufficient information about whether subjects' job experiences pre-date the development of alcohol problems which they are hypothesized to cause. Furthermore, most prior analyses have been based on blue collar samples. This study will address each of these issues by (1) testing several models that postulate a link between specific job characteristics and alcoholism, (2) systematically analyzing a variety of alcohol outcome measures (including alcohol abuse and dependence, quantity-frequency-variability measures, reasons for drinking, and attitudes toward drinking), and (3) analyzing the temporal relationship between onset of drinking problems and subjects' tenure with their present employer. The data source for the proposed analyses is a survey of 1870 white collar employees at Westinghouse Corporation conducted in 1988. This survey, originally designed to assess the prevalence rates of mood disorders and alcoholism in this population, collected detailed information about alcohol consumption, a variety of job characteristics, marital strain and several other nonwork-related factors that need to be controlled, etc. As such, this is the largest sample of white collar professionals for which comprehensive data on both alcohol use and job characteristics has been ascertained. The spouses of married employees completed a briefer questionnaire which included questions about alcohol-related behavior and attitudes toward alcohol. In addition to using standard multivariate statistical procedures (multiple and logistic regression and structural equation modeling) and survival analysis methods (proportional hazards models), two types of econometric analysis -- limited dependent variables analysis and switching regression models -- will be employed to try to improve the correspondence between specific conceptualizations of the work-alcohol relationship and the statistical models used to investigate this relationship. It is expected that the modeling approach developed for this study will be useful to those investigating similar questions among blue collar workers and that the results will help to inform the design of future studies (cross-sectional or longitudinal) of the relationship between work and alcoholism.