COMPARING TWO LEGISLATIVE APPROACHES TO SERVER EDUCATION

这项研究是一项“自然实验”，旨在检验 鼓励酒精服务生教育的立法作为一种 酒后驾车的预防方法。它将比较两种方法：(1)国家强制 服务器教育；(2)国家法律鼓励的服务器教育 为参与者提供许可证保护或责任减免 机构。我们正在进行第一种类型的初步研究， 俄勒冈州的法律代表了第一个也可能是最全面的 美国州强制酒精服务器培训法。在 建议的研究我们将检查服务器的实施和效果 另外三个州的教育法。我们的因变量将 包括：(L)服务员和经理在酒精服务中的程度 机构已经接受了培训和再培训，衡量标准是 机构和ABC记录；(2)知识、态度和自我 报告了各州酒精服务器样本的做法，涉及 负责任的酒精服务；(3)坚持负责任的做法和 各在售酒类服务机构样本中的政策 状态，使用现场客户访谈和对服务器的观察 采用伪正电子方法；(4)客户估计 顾客面谈和BAC检测的醉酒；(5)对酒后驾车的影响 自该法律自#年生效以来的逮捕、事故和死亡 档案数据；(6)国家系统和培训之间的比较 课程，(7)对州ABC执行活动的影响， 包括收到和调查的违规行为和投诉的类型 自每项法律生效以来，以及(8)对DRAM商店诉讼的影响 以及酒类责任险的承保和保费。我们将延长 我们对俄勒冈州计划的研究与最近在 新墨西哥州，阿拉巴马州的许可证保护激励系统，以及 德克萨斯州的责任削减激励制度。因变量 将比较四种实验状态和两种比较状态 没有关于服务器教育的州法律的州。

This study is a "natural experiment," designed to examine the effects and effectiveness of legislation encouraging alcohol server education as a DUI prevention method. It will compare two approaches: (1) state-mandated server education; and (2) server education encouraged by state law providing license protection or liability reduction for participating establishments. We are conducting a preliminary study of the first type, the Oregon law which represents the first and possibly most comprehensive state mandated alcohol server training law in the United States. In the proposed study we will examine the implementation and effects of server education laws in three additional states. Our dependent variables will include: (l) the extent to which servers and managers in alcohol-serving establishments have been trained and retrained, measured by surveys of establishments and by ABC records; (2) knowledge, attitudes, and self- reported practices of samples of alcohol servers in each state regarding responsible alcohol service; (3) adherence to responsible practices and policies in samples of on-sale alcohol-serving establishments in each state, using on-site patron interviews and observations of servers employing pseudopatron methodology; (4) estimates of customer intoxication from patron interviews and BAC testing; (5) effects on DUI arrests, accidents and fatalities since the law went into effect from archival data; (6) comparisons among the state systems and training curricula, (7) impacts upon enforcement activities by the state ABCs, including types of violations and complaints received and investigated since each law went into effect, and (8) effects on dram shop litigation and liquor liability insurance underwriting and premiums. We will extend our study of the Oregon program to its recently legislated duplicate in New Mexico, to the license-protection incentive systems in Alabama, and to the liability-reduction incentive system in Texas. Dependent variables will be compared between the four experimental states and two comparison states with no state law regarding server education.