INTRINSIC AND NETWORK PROPERTIES OF LOCAL INTERNEURONS

哺乳动物大脑中感觉-运动加工的研究 节肢动物的研究表明，类似的问题可以找到类似的计算方法 解决办法。感知数据的拓扑映射和并行处理，用于 例如，我们发现在视觉上应用的两个基本原则 猴子的体感系统以及昆虫的体感系统。这个 《更简单》中神经电路设计与信息处理的研究 神经系统，凭借其实用优势，可以直接 与我们对高等动物大脑功能的理解有关。 由复杂的感觉-运动网络完成的操作依赖于 几个相互关联的因素，例如(I)它们的内在属性 组成神经元，(Ii)它们之间的突触通讯，和(Iii) 它们形成的电路的配置。理解其中的关键 因此，运营需要对投入产出进行精确的理解 在这些层面上都实现了转型。如果我们现在详细了解， 昆虫调节腿部反射的局部回路的结构， 相比之下，我们对生物多样性的内在属性知之甚少 形成这些环路的各种类型的神经元间。尤其是， 为什么在内部和之间既有SPEK中介又有分级沟通 神经元是否应该并行存在仍不清楚。生理和 超微结构数据都支持这样一种观点，即这些 两种类型的神经元间执行可能是根本不同的。因此，我们 希望研究非刺激性局部神经元间质的膜性质 以及在它们的输入和输出突触上的转移，以测试 假设一些局部环路神经元可能以几个神经元的形式运作， 可能是独立的、一体化的单位。本征细胞的研究 但是，属性也将放在功能上下文中。我们希望 考虑局部神经元间局部反射的手术治疗 调解，在中央产生的马达输出。胸廓局部 到目前为止，电路被认为是处于警觉但不活跃的动物，因此 不同类型神经元在运动中的功能和作用 例如，是完全未知的。最近有详细的知识 已经获得了感觉信息流的基础电路， 但是，现在可以让我们解决中央的具体问题 局部反射机制的控制。

The study of sensory-motor processing in the brain of mammals and in that of arthropods shows that similar problems find comparable computational solutions. Topological mapping of sensory data and parallel processing, for example, are two basic principles which we find applied in the visual system of monkeys as well as in the somatosensory system of insects. The study of neural circuit design and information processing in "simpler" nervous systems, with its practical advantages can thus be directly relevant to our understanding of brain function in higher animals. The operations accomplished by complex sensory-motor networks depend on several interrelated factors, such as (i) the intrinsic properties of their component neurones, (ii) the synaptic communication between them, and (iii) the configuration of the circuits they form. Understanding the key of these operations thus requires a precise understanding of the input-output transformation achieved at each of these levels. If we now know in detail, the configuration of the local circuits mediating leg reflexes in insects, we know very little, by contrast, of the intrinsic properties of the various classes of interneurones forming these circuits. In particular, the reason why both spike-mediated and graded communication within and between neurones should exist in parallel remains unclear. Physiological and ultrastructural data both support the idea that the operations which these two types of interneurone perform may be fundamentally different. We thus wish to study the membrane properties of the nonspiking local interneurones together with the transfer at their input and output synapses, to test the hypothesis that some local circuit neurones may operate as several, possibly independent, integrative units. The study of intrinsic cellular properties will, however, also be placed in a functional context. We wish to consider the operation of the local interneurones for local reflex mediation, during a centrally generated motor output. The thoracic local circuits have so far been considered in alert but inactive animals, so that the function and role played by the various interneurones during locomotion for example, are totally unknown. The detailed knowledge that has recently been obtained of the circuits underlying the flow of sensory information, however, now allows us to tackle the specific problem of the central control of local reflex mechanisms.