Impacts of Discriminatory Mortgage Lending Practices on Obesity

项目摘要 获得食物和体力活动(PA)资源的机会有限以及贫穷的社会和经济社区 这种情况与饮食质量低、缺乏运动和身体质量指数(BMI)升高有关。然而， 混合的结果可能是由于理解上的差距(1)不平等分配的根本原因 社区资源，以及(2)社区条件影响肥胖的途径。根本原因 例如住房政策在肥胖研究中受到的关注很少，但这可能对 应对这一流行病。一个关键的例子是历史上的红线，在20世纪30年代到70年代之间，这些地区 根据该社区的种族构成，全美被指定为“高风险”。 居民被系统性地拒绝购买住房。贫困和隔离模式 红线区域依然存在；但随后发生的人口结构变化有所不同。 住房歧视仍在继续，并可能通过增加对肥胖的暴露而增加肥胖差距 环境。我们寻求通过从历史和现实中估计纵向路径来解决知识差距 在黑人和白人成年人的纵向队列中，向BMI发放带有种族偏见的抵押贷款。特定于项目 目标是：1)确定历史上的红线社区是否有更高的肥胖水平 社区状况和居民BMI通过饮食行为和PA比非红线社区 (使用基准住宅位置，1985-86)；2)估计历史上 通过改变肥胖社区的条件，饮食行为， 和PA(使用五个时间点的数据，1985-86、1992-93、2005-06、2010-11和2015-16)；以及3)估计 当前基于地区和种族的抵押贷款利率之间的纵向路径(1990年的数据- 93、2003-06、2008-11和2013-2016)和BMI的变化，通过肥胖社区的变化 条件、饮食行为、PA、歧视和住房拥有率(1985-86、1992-93、2005-06年的数据， 2010-11年度和2015-16年度)。我们使用年轻人的冠状动脉风险发展来实现这些目标 成人研究(CARDIA)，这是一个包含饮食、PA、环境和社会人口数据的纵向队列 收集了5115名年龄在18-30岁之间的美国白人和黑人成年人，他们居住在四个有红线历史的城市： 阿拉巴马州伯明翰、加利福尼亚州奥克兰、伊利诺伊州芝加哥和明尼阿波利斯。我们将链接历史红线地图和两个 使用抵押贷款数据，向CARDIA参与者提供基于地点和种族的抵押贷款指数 住宅区。我们将根据历史上居住区域的变化来估计纵向路径 红线和当前抵押贷款对BMI有偏见的地区通过动态社区变化 条件、歧视、住房所有权、PA和饮食行为。结果将提供所需的 通过了解历史红线的长期影响来指导住房和邻里政策的证据 而目前有偏见的抵押贷款是社区和肥胖差距的基础。

Project Abstract Limited access to food and physical activity (PA) resources as well as poor social and economic neighborhood conditions have been linked to low diet quality, physical inactivity, and elevated body mass index (BMI). Yet, mixed findings may be due to gaps in understanding (1) the root causes of unequal allocation of such neighborhood resources, and (2) the paths by which neighborhood conditions influence obesity. Root causes such as housing policies have received little attention in obesity research and yet this may be critical to addressing the epidemic. A key example is historical ‘redlining,’ where, between the 1930s and 1970s, areas throughout the United States were designated as “high risk” based on the neighborhood’s racial composition. Residents were systematically denied access to home purchasing. Poverty and segregation patterns in redlined areas persisted; yet there is variation in the subsequent demographic shifts that have occurred. Housing discrimination continues and may increase obesity disparities via heightened exposure to obesogenic environments. We seek to address knowledge gaps by estimating longitudinal paths from historical and current racially biased mortgage lending to BMI in a longitudinal cohort of Black and white adults. The project specific aims are to: 1) Determine whether historically redlined neighborhoods have higher levels of obesogenic neighborhood conditions and resident BMI through dietary behaviors and PA than non-redlined neighborhoods (using baseline residential locations,1985–86); 2) Estimate longitudinal paths between changes in historically redlined neighborhoods and BMI through changes in obesogenic neighborhood conditions, dietary behaviors, and PA (using five timepoints of data, 1985–86, 1992–93, 2005–06, 2010–11, and 2015–16); and 3) Estimate longitudinal paths between rates of current place- and race-based biased mortgage lending (data from 1990– 93, 2003–06, 2008–11, and 2013–2016) and changes in BMI, through changes in obesogenic neighborhood conditions, dietary behaviors, PA, discrimination, and homeownership (data from 1985–86, 1992–93, 2005–06, 2010–11, and 2015–16). We achieve these objectives using the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) which is a longitudinal cohort with diet, PA, environmental, and sociodemographic data collected for 5,115 white and black U.S. adults aged 18-30 years residing in four cities with redlining histories: Birmingham, AL, Oakland, CA, Chicago, IL, and Minneapolis, MN. We will link historic redlining maps and two indices of place- and race-based biased mortgage lending, using mortgage data, to CARDIA participants’ residential locations. We will estimate longitudinal paths from changes in residing in areas that were historically redlined and areas with current biased mortgage lending to BMI changes through dynamic neighborhood conditions, discrimination, homeownership, PA, and dietary behaviors. The results will deliver the needed evidence to guide housing and neighborhood policy by understanding long-term effects of historical redlining and current biased mortgage lending underlie neighborhood and obesity disparities.