Non-invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring of Physiological Parameter

在电子微型化、探针构造技术和计算能力进步的推动下，医学超声正朝着具有实时体积成像能力的更小、更低成本的系统发展。这些新的属性提供了机会，以提高和扩大超声的临床应用的新应用。小型化和新属性的结合允许将其扩展到以前服务不足的人群。用于筛查和监测的心血管参数，例如在床边或门诊环境中，是这些尚未开发的领域之一，可以从定量、非侵入性测量中受益。持续和准确的动脉参数测量将为早期发现和更有效地治疗疾病（如动脉粥样硬化和高血压）提供额外的信息，而任何新测量的临床效用最终将由可靠性决定。体外和体内模型的初步研究表明，超声血液动力学测量在实验室环境中的潜力。

Driven by advances in electronic miniaturization, probe construction techniques and computing power, medical ultrasound is experiencing a trend toward smaller, lower cost systems with real-time volumetric imaging capabilities. These new attributes provide the opportunity to improve and expand the clinical utility of ultrasound to new applications. The combination of miniaturization and new attributes permits the expansion to previously underserved populations. Cardiovascular parameters for screening and monitoring, such as in a bedside or ambulatory setting, is one of these untapped areas that can benefit from quantitative, non-invasive measurements. Continuous and accurate measures of arterial parameters will provide additional information for earlier detection and more effective treatment of diseases, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension, while the clinical utility of any new measure will ultimately be determine by the reliability. Preliminary studies on in vitro and in vivo models have shown the potential of ultrasound hemodynamic measures in a laboratory setting. The proposal aims to develop and validate quantitative hemodynamic measures for new cardiovascular applications on next generation volumetric ultrasound systems. The technical development specifically focuses on reliable measurement algorithms for (1) quantitative arterial area and volumetric flow rate, (2) arterial compliance, and (3) continuous blood pressure. The approach utilizes volumetric ultrasound to provide structural information allowing typical qualitative ultrasound measures to be converted into quantitative measures. By combining volumetric ultrasound with automatic methods to locate the vessel and continuously process the data, the reliability and ease of use can be improved to the point where a sonographer is not required. A simplified 3-D architecture developed from existing hardware will be modified for these feasibility studies, and the ultrasound-based quantitative hemodynamic measures will be validated and the measurement variation quantified using invasive flow and pressure sensors under a variety of physiological conditions during acute and chronic studies in anesthetized and conscious canine models.