International Population Study on Macronutrients and BP - INTERMAP

描述（由申请人提供）：本申请要求支持国际合作INTERMAP研究中的数据分析/生化分析-特别是食物/食物组/食物亚组/其组合（模式）/食物制备方法/饮食模式/食物相关的尿液代谢物和血压（BP）（假设检验和探索性分析）。INTERMAP是一项关于饮食因素（食物/宏量/微量营养素）/其尿液代谢产物在整个人群的不利BP水平病因中的作用的基础流行病学研究，包括更低社会经济（SES）人群阶层（尤其是非洲裔美国人）的更不利BP模式。INTERMAP的多学科研究工作-以芝加哥和伦敦为基地-旨在以高成本效益的方式在这些重要问题上取得重大进展，其基础是其庞大、独特、现有的数据库，这些数据库涉及4个国家（中国、日本、英国、美国）17个不同种族/社会经济地位/饮食习惯的人口样本中4，680名40-59岁的男性和女性。这些高质量的标准化数据来自四次深入的多通道24小时饮食回忆/人，计算机化的所有报告的食物/膳食补充剂分为23组和119个亚组，它们转化为营养素（总数：83）; 2次定时24小时尿液采集/人，测量24小时尿量、Na、K、Ca、Mg、肌酐、尿素、大量/微量白蛋白尿、23种氨基酸，核磁共振（NMR）代谢组学扫描代谢物，四次访视时每人八次血压测量，身高，体重，广泛的问卷调查数据。在2003-2008年的数据中，报告了多种个体宏量/微量营养素/尿代谢产物对血压的影响，以及与中国南方相比，美国社会经济地位较低的人和北方人的血压较高。2009-2014年的具体目标包括阐明多种食物/食物组/食物亚组/其组合（模式）/食物制备方法/饮食模式/食物相关的尿液代谢产物对BP的影响。主要假设是9种食物/食物组与BP的关系。分析还将探索食物摄入/饮食模式与尿液代谢物的关系（代谢组学分析），以及这些食物/饮食/代谢因素在解释较低SES的美国人、非洲裔美国人和北方中国人的高血压水平中的作用。研究结果将用于估计人群饮食模式的多重改善对BP的有利影响，即，加强对高血压前期/高血压的一级预防/控制的饮食建议，从而大大降低心血管疾病的风险。公共卫生相关性：总结正常血压在35岁及以上的美国人中很少见。不良的血压水平是由于普遍的不良生活方式，首先是不良的饮食模式。正在进行的INTERMAP研究是一项国际合作研究，涉及来自美国，中国，日本和英国的近5，000名40-59岁的女性和男性，一直在调查饮食与血压联系的具体细节。INTERMAP已经对目前关于几个具体饮食因素对血压产生不利影响的作用的知识做出了贡献-高盐摄入、植物蛋白、钾/钙/镁/磷/铁摄入不足，以及超重/肥胖、过量饮酒。在今后几年（2009-2014年），INTERMAP的目标是详细关注多种特定食物、食物准备和摄入模式、食物对身体代谢的影响及其与全民血压问题的关系。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application requests support for data analyses/ biochemical analyses - - particularly on foods/food groups/food subgroups/their combinations (patterns)/food preparation methods/eating patterns/food- related urinary metabolites and blood pressure (BP) (hypothesis testing and exploratory analyses) - - in the international cooperative INTERMAP Study. INTERMAP is a basic epidemiologic investigation on the role of dietary factors (foods/macro-/micronutrients)/ their urinary metabolites in the etiopatho- genesis population-wide of unfavorable BP levels, including the even more adverse BP patterns of lower socioeconomic (SES) population strata, particularly African-Americans. The multidisciplinary INTERMAP research effort -- based in Chicago and London -- aims to achieve a major advance on these important issues, in a highly cost effective way, based on its vast, unique, in-hand database for 4,680 men and women ages 40-59 from 17 population samples of diverse ethnicity/ SES/ eating practices in four countries (China, Japan, UK, USA). These high-quality standardized data are from four in-depth multi-pass 24-hour dietary recalls/person with computerization of all reported foods/ dietary supplements classified into 23 groups and 119 subgroups, their conversion into nutrients (total: 83); two timed 24-hour urine collections/person with measurement of 24-hour volume, Na, K, Ca, Mg, creatinine, urea, macro-/ microalbuminuria, 23 amino acids, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic scanning for metabolites, eight BP measurements/person at four visits, height, weight, extensive questionnaire data. In 2003-2008 data were reported on influences of multiple individual macro-/micronutrients /urinary metabolites on BP, and on higher BP of lower SES Americans, and northern compared to southern Chinese. Specific aims for 2009-2014 involve elucidating influences on BP of multiple foods/ food groups/ food subgroups/ their combinations (patterns)/ food preparation methods/ eating patterns/food-related urinary metabolites. Primary hypotheses are on relation of 9 foods/ food groups to BP. Analyses are also to explore relations of food intakes/ eating patterns to urinary metabolites (metabolomic analyses), and role of these food/ eating/ metabolic factors in accounting for higher BP levels of lower SES Americans, African-Americans, and northern Chinese. Findings are to be used to estimate favorable impact on BP of multiple improvements in eating patterns by populations, i.e., to enhance dietary recommendations for primary prevention/ control of prehypertension/hypertension with consequence sizable reduction in cardiovascular disease risks. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: LAY SUMMARY Normal blood pressure is rare among Americans ages 35 years and older. Adverse blood pressure levels are due to prevailing adverse lifestyles, first and foremost unfavorable dietary patterns. The ongoing INTERMAP Study, an international cooperative study of almost 5,000 women and men ages 40-59 from the United States, China, Japan, and the United Kingdom, has been investigating the specific details of the diet-blood pressure link. INTERMAP has already contributed to the current knowledge on the role of several specific dietary factors in influencing blood pressure adversely - - high salt intake, inadequate intakes of vegetable protein, potassium/calcium/magnesium/phosphorus/iron, and also overweight/obesity, excess alcohol consumption. During the next years (2009-2014), INTERMAP aims to focus in detail on multiple specific foods, food preparation and intake patterns, food influences on body metabolism and their relations to the population-wide blood pressure problem.