Biosynthesis of RNAs

描述(申请人提供)：我实验室的工作主要集中在基因表达的两个主要步骤，信使核糖核酸剪接和信使核糖核酸输出。我们的长期目标是在分子水平上了解在这些途径中负责特异性和保真度的机制。我们未来的工作将解决三个基本问题：1)剪接体NTPase的活动是如何具体调控的？一个长期存在的问题是，剪接体死盒ATPase是如何在剪接周期的准确时间被激活的。我们最近发现了U5 SnRNP蛋白Prp8的一个区域，该区域特异性地刺激Brr2 ATPase将U4从U6 SnRNA中解脱出来，这是剪接体催化激活的关键事件。使用基于活性和FRET的分析，我们现在将确定控制这一步骤的一整套分子相互作用。我们将集中在正激活子Snu114，一个类似EF2的GTP酶，以及拟议的通过泛素化Prp8相互作用因子下调Brr2的作用。2)转录如何与信使核糖核酸的剪接和输出相关联？虽然很明显，基因表达中的核步骤是时间上耦合的，但人们对这种耦合的潜在机制基础知之甚少。我们正在使用一个创新的高通量遗传平台来促进数量遗传相互作用的识别；这种上位性微阵列图谱已被证明是新功能关系的强大预测因子。我们将测试我们正在进行的分析中的特定预测，这些预测表明蛋白酶体和核孔之间以及剪接体和染色质重塑机制之间存在意想不到的联系。3)剪接是如何根据环境进行调节的？最近，我们利用基于全球微阵列的分析方法，证明了氨基酸饥饿选择性地抑制核糖体蛋白基因转录本的剪接。我们现在将确定介导这一反应的新的信号转导途径的分子基础。我们还将扩大我们的压力源电池，以确定其他剪接调控模块。更广泛地说，我们将通过对大约270株含有精确内含子缺失的菌株进行定量分析来询问酵母内含子的生物学影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The work in my laboratory focuses on two major steps in gene expression, mRNA splicing and mRNA export. Our long-term goal is to understand at a molecular level the mechanisms responsible for specificity and fidelity in these pathways. Our future work will address three fundamental questions: 1) How are the activities of the spliceosomal NTPases specifically regulated? A long-standing question is how the spliceosomal DEAD-box ATPases are activated at precise times in the splicing cycle. We recently identified a region of the U5 snRNP protein Prp8 that specifically stimulates the Brr2 ATPase to unwind U4 from U6 snRNA, the key event in catalytic activation of the spliceosome. Using activity- and FRET-based assays, we will now identify the full set of molecular interactions that control this step. We will focus on the roles of the positive activator Snu114, an EF2-like GTPase, and the proposed down-regulation of Brr2 by ubiquitylation of a Prp8-interacting factor. 2) How is transcription coupled to mRNA splicing and export? While it is apparent that the nuclear steps in gene expression are temporally coupled, little is understood about the underlying mechanistic bases of this coupling. We are employing an innovative high-throughput genetic platform to facilitate identification of quantitative genetic interactions; such Epistasis Mini-Array Profiles have proven powerful predictors of novel functional relationships. We will test specific predictions from our ongoing analysis that suggest unexpected connections between the proteasome and the nuclear pore, and between the spliceosome and the chromatin remodeling machinery. 3) How is splicing regulated in response to the environment? Using a global microarray-based assay, we recently demonstrated that amino acid starvation selectively inhibits the splicing of ribosomal protein gene transcripts. We will now determine the molecular basis of the novel signal transduction pathway mediating this response. We will also expand our battery of stressors to identify other splicing regulatory modules. More broadly, we will interrogate the biological impact of yeast introns by the quantitative analysis of each of ~270 strains engineered to contain a precise intron deletion.