Alcohol Contextual Influences: Effects on Health Disparities and Mortality

描述(由申请人提供)：本申请要求为Mildred M.Maldonado-Molina博士颁发NIAAA指导研究科学家发展奖(K01)。候选人将制定一项研究计划，以减少饮酒和与酒精相关的后果方面的健康差距。在K奖的支持下，马尔多纳多-莫利纳博士将成为酒精领域分析分层和密集纵向数据(即，嵌套在多个水平的多个组中的数百个重复观察)方面的高级方法学家。马尔多纳多-莫利纳博士的职业发展目标是：(1)增加统计方法方面的知识，以处理复杂的分层和纵向密集的数据(应用于酒精流行病学中健康差异的研究)；(2)提高向科学界传播酒精预防研究结果的技能；以及(3)制定独立的研究建议。这些目标将通过(1)获得有指导的研究经验；(2)参与课程作业、研讨会和其他有组织的教学活动；以及(3)解决拟议研究项目的具体目标来实现。拟议的研究使用分层和密集的纵向数据来检查酒精暴露和酒精政策是否可能加剧或缩小人口亚群(如性别、种族、年龄组)之间的酒精使用和与酒精相关的死亡率的差异。该研究计划以两个目标为指导：(1)测试接触酒精和酒精来源(如父母、朋友、商业)对不同性别和族裔群体的青少年饮酒轨迹的影响；(2)测试选定的酒精政策在1976年至2002年期间减少交通事故死亡率方面的健康差距的效果。总而言之，Maldonado-Molina博士将：(1)制定研究议程，以减少饮酒和与酒精相关的后果方面的健康差距；(2)接受处理分层和纵向密集数据的培训；(3)提高她成功开发独立研究项目的能力；以及(4)过渡到一名独立研究人员，他能够通过减少美国不同群体在饮酒和与酒精相关的发病率和死亡率方面的健康差距，来改善人群的健康。 公共卫生相关性：在该奖项的支持下，候选人将制定一项研究计划，以减少青少年和成年人与酒精相关的发病率和死亡率方面的健康差距。她还将成为酒精领域的高级方法学家，分析密集的纵向和时间序列数据(即，在多个层次嵌套的多组数百次重复观察)。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application requests a NIAAA Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) for Dr. Mildred M. Maldonado-Molina. The candidate will develop a research program to reduce health disparities in alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences. With support from a K-award, Dr. Maldonado-Molina will become an advanced methodologist in the alcohol field in terms of analyses of hierarchical and intensively longitudinal data (i.e., hundreds of repeated observations across multiple groups nested in multiple levels). Dr. Maldonado-Molina's career development goals are: (1) increase knowledge in statistical methods to handle complex hierarchical and longitudinally intensive data (applied to the study of health disparities in alcohol epidemiology); (2) increase skills to disseminate findings on alcohol prevention research to the scientific community; and (3) develop independent research proposals. These goals will be achieved through (1) receiving mentored research experiences; (2) participating in coursework, workshops, and other structured didactic activities; and (3) addressing specific aims of the proposed research project. The proposed research uses hierarchical and intensive longitudinal data to examine whether alcohol exposure and alcohol policies might exacerbate or attenuate disparities in alcohol use and alcohol-related mortality across subgroups of the population (e.g. gender, ethnicity, age groups). The research plan is guided by two aims: (1) test effects of exposure and sources of alcohol (e.g., parents, friends, commercial) on trajectories of alcohol use among adolescents across gender and ethnic subgroups; and (2) test effects of selected alcohol policies in reducing health disparities in traffic crash mortality from 1976 to 2002. In sum, Dr. Maldonado- Molina will: (1) develop a research agenda to reduce health disparities in alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences; (2) receive training to handle hierarchical and longitudinally intensive data; (3) increase her ability to successfully develop independent research projects; and most importantly, (4) make the transition to an independent researcher who can improve the health of the population by reducing health disparities in alcohol use and alcohol-related morbidity and mortality across subgroups in the United States. Public Health Relevance: With support from this award, the candidate will develop a research program to reduce health disparities in alcohol-related morbidity and mortality among adolescents and adults. She will also become an advanced methodologist in the alcohol field in terms of analyses of intensively longitudinal and time-series data (i.e., hundreds of repeated observations across multiple groups nested in multiple levels).