The Process of Alcohol-Involved Sexual Assault Disclosure: A Mixed-Methods Approach to Examining Disclosure Content

项目摘要 酒精相关的性暴力(SV)是年轻女性中的一个主要公共卫生问题。研究 始终如一地表明，受害者在袭击发生时正在喝酒的SV可能有 特别是对幸存者的心理和身体健康的不利影响。此外，正在饮酒的幸存者 比那些不喝酒的人更有可能收到负面反应--如责备、怀疑或 最小化-响应于向非正式支持提供商(例如，朋友， 家庭，重要的其他人)。这些负面反应总是与更负面的心理社会联系在一起。 幸存者的结果。尽管对披露的反应显然很重要，但文献中有一个明显的空白 在幸存者中，将负面披露反应与不利的心理社会后果联系起来是缺乏 了解幸存者披露的内容。也就是说，迄今为止的研究只是简单地问 幸存者讲述了他们对信息披露得到的社会反应，但没有评估他们使用的语言 在披露他们的受害情况时。本研究试图填补这一空白。幸存者的内容 披露--特别是披露饮酒情况及其自责程度 将他们的经历标记为攻击性--可能是酒精损伤在 虐待时间会影响来自支持者的负面社会反应。将追求三个目标来检验这些 假设。首先，重复过去的研究，我们预计报告酒精损害更大的女性 使用将从非正式支持中得到更大的负面反应。第二，我们预测两国关系 更大的损害和更大的负面反应之间将是间接的，通过a)更多细节 损害，b)更多的自责，以及c)在披露中较少使用标签。最后，为了描述 酒精相关性性精神分裂症女性幸存者的披露内容和预期结果，深入定性 将对幸存者及其非正式披露接受者进行有目的的小样本访谈。 测试目标1和目标2的假设将使用从全国范围内收集的在线调查数据来完成 550名年龄在18-25岁之间的女性的样本，她们报告了在活动前饮酒的成人SV 并首先向一家非正式的支持提供商披露了这一经历。目标3将通过深入实现 定性访谈分别对有目的的调查参与者(n=30)和 他们的非正式支助提供者(n=30)。这种混合方法有可能增加 我们对披露过程的理解的广度和深度，同时更好地向干预措施提供信息 教育信息披露接受者以支持性的方式做出反应(即减少负面反应)。

Project Summary Alcohol-involved sexual violence (SV) is a major public health issue among young women. Research consistently shows that SV in which the victim had been drinking at the time of the assault can have an especially detrimental impact on survivors’ mental and physical health. Moreover, survivors who were drinking are more likely than those were not drinking to receive negative reactions—such as blame, disbelief, or minimization—in response to disclosure of their SV experiences to informal support providers (e.g., friends, family, significant others). These negative reactions are consistently linked to more negative psychosocial outcomes for survivors. Despite the clear importance of reactions to disclosure, one glaring gap in the literature linking negative disclosure responses to adverse psychosocial outcomes among survivors is a lack of knowledge about the content of disclosures made by survivors. That is, studies to date have simply asked survivors about the social reactions they received to disclosures, without assessing the language they use when disclosing their victimization. The present study seeks to fill this gap. The content of survivors’ disclosures—particularly their disclosure of alcohol use and the extent to which they express self-blame and label their experience as assaultive—may be important mechanisms through which alcohol impairment at the time of abuse impacts negative social reactions from supports. Three Aims will be pursued to test these suppositions. First, replicating past work, we expect that women who report greater impairment from alcohol use will receive greater negative reactions from informal supports. Second, we predict that the relationship between greater impairment and greater negative reactions will be indirect by way of a) more detail about impairment, b) greater self-blame, and c) less label use within the disclosure. Finally, to characterize the content of disclosure and desired outcomes for women survivors of alcohol-involved SV, in-depth qualitative interviews will be conducted with a purposeful subsample of survivors and their informal disclosure recipients. Testing hypotheses for Aims 1 and 2 will be accomplished with online survey data collected from a national sample of 550 women aged 18-25 who report an adult SV in which they consumed alcohol prior to the event and first disclosed the experience to an informal support provider. Aim 3 will be accomplished though in-depth qualitative interviews conducted separately with a purposeful subsample of survey participants (n = 30) and their informal support providers (n = 30). This mixed methods approach has the potential to increase the breadth and depth of our understanding of the disclosure process while better informing interventions to educate disclosure recipients to react in a supportive fashion (i.e., by decreasing negative reactions).