Impact of Trauma on the Longitudinal Development of Cognitive Control Networks in Healthy Youth

项目总结/摘要 精神疾病是最普遍的衰弱性疾病在整个生命周期。重要的是，流行病学 研究表明，75%的可诊断的精神障碍开始在24岁之前，强调需要 对大脑发育的研究在童年和青春期暴露于创伤性事件， 诱导下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴的适应不良功能，导致长期的结构性 以及对压力敏感的大脑区域的功能改变，这些区域已知对认知控制至关重要。 类似的神经畸变已经在一系列精神健康障碍中被发现，包括焦虑， 多动症和抑郁症。然而，现存的文献特别关注创伤和HPA的影响， 轴激活对认知控制网络的发展是极其稀疏的。鉴于高发病率 关于青年创伤及其与精神病理学的联系，我们有必要发展一个更详细的了解， 神经生理学的变化是大脑发育的基础，在创伤暴露的背景下。 拟议的研究金旨在通过利用优秀的空间和技术， 时间精度（即，脑磁图（MEG），以研究发育 大脑网络的轨迹对认知控制至关重要，创伤和HPA轴激活对这些网络的影响 网络.简而言之，年龄在6至15岁之间的参与者将每年完成一次认知控制， 在MEG期间完成任务，完成认知和情绪评估，并提供头发样本。产生的MEG 数据将被转换到时频域并使用波束成形方法进行成像，而 头发样本将用于计算3个月内的平均皮质醇浓度。输出动态泛函 地图将被用来检查光谱特定的大脑反应，是发展敏感的区域 对认知控制至关重要目标1将映射神经动力学和网络的纵向发展 连接性是6至15岁的典型发育中的青少年的反应选择的基础。目标2将 确定创伤暴露和HPA轴激活对认知功能纵向发展的影响， 控制网络、神经心理学表现和情绪健康。为此，我们将利用最新的 MEG和源重建技术，神经振荡动力学和连接分析方法，毛发 皮质醇浓度和认知评估，以绘制认知神经生理学基础的变异性 控制健康青年的发育。除了发起人，谁是发展认知神经学家 凭借广泛的指导和NIH资助经验，我们将利用由以下人员组成的专家指导团队 皮质醇分析（Megan Gunnar博士）、创伤评估（帕特里克泰勒博士）和神经元影响方面的领导者 童年的不幸（克里斯托弗蒙克博士）。总之，这项研究将有助于提供一个更完整的 对青少年认知控制紊乱的关键神经过程的基本理解 并确定潜在的干预窗口。

Project Summary/Abstract Psychiatric disorders are the most prevalent debilitating illnesses across the lifespan. Importantly, epidemiologic studies indicate that 75% of all diagnosable psychiatric disorders begin prior to age 24, highlighting the need for investigations of the developing brain. Exposure to traumatic events during childhood and adolescence can induce maladaptive functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to long-term structural and functional alterations in stress-sensitive brain regions that are known to be critical for cognitive control. Similar neural aberrations have been identified across a range of mental health disorders, including anxiety, ADHD, and depression. However, the extant literature focusing specifically on the impact of trauma and HPA axis activation on the development of cognitive control networks is extremely sparse. Given the high incidence of trauma in youth and ties with psychopathology, it is imperative that we develop a more detailed understanding of the neurophysiological changes underlying brain development in the context of trauma exposure. The proposed fellowship aims to partially remedy these knowledge gaps by utilizing the excellent spatial and temporal precision (i.e., millisecond) of magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate the developmental trajectory of brain networks critical to cognitive control and the impact of trauma and HPA axis activation on such networks. Briefly, participants between the ages of 6 to 15 years-old will annually complete a cognitive control task during MEG, complete cognitive and emotional assessments, and provide hair samples. The resulting MEG data will be transformed into the time-frequency domain and imaged using a beamforming approach, while the hair samples will be used to compute mean cortisol concentrations over 3 months. The output dynamic functional maps will be used to examine spectrally specific brain responses that are developmentally-sensitive in regions critical to cognitive control. Aim 1 will map the longitudinal development of neural dynamics and network connectivity that underlie response selection in typically-developing youth from age 6 to 15 years-old. Aim 2 will determine the impact of trauma exposure and HPA axis activation on the longitudinal development of cognitive control networks, neuropsychological performance, and emotional health. To this end, we will leverage the latest MEG and source reconstruction techniques, neural oscillatory dynamics and connectivity analysis methods, hair cortisol concentrations, and cognitive assessments to map variability in the neurophysiological bases of cognitive control development in healthy youth. In addition to the sponsor, who is a developmental cognitive neuroscientist with extensive mentoring and NIH funding experience, we will leverage an expert mentoring team comprised of leaders in cortisol analysis (Dr. Megan Gunnar), trauma assessment (Dr. Patrick Tyler), and the neuronal impact of childhood adversity (Dr. Christopher Monk). In summary, this research will aid in providing a more complete foundational understanding of the key neurological processes underlying cognitive control perturbations in youth with trauma and identify potential windows for intervention.