Speech and Language Processing in Aphasia

这项研究的广泛目标是提供一个窗口，以了解儿童认知结构的这些方面 失语症中受损的和幸免的词汇处理系统，并检查神经 作为这种处理的基础的系统。具体目标是考察词汇加工和词汇加工的效果 听觉词识别中音-义映射与义映射的竞争 在口语中发音来检验三个假说。假设1：新兵获得词汇形式 包括边缘上回(SMG)在内的顶区，而获取词汇意义的途径则招募额叶 包括额叶下回(IFG)在内的区域。假设在词汇竞争的条件下 有顶叶损害的传导性失语，包括SMG，在访问时会表现出缺陷 词汇竞争条件下的语音形式和伴有额叶损害的Broca失语症包括 在词汇竞争条件下，IFG在词汇意义的通达上会出现缺陷。 假设2：失语症患者有正常的交互过程。这一假设将分两个阶段进行检验。 方式。首先，根据正常结果显示语音词汇对口语产生的影响 在其下游过程上的竞争，即在声学语音输出上，假设两者 韦尼克失语症的损害包括颞上回(STG)和传导性失语 包括SMG在内的损害在词汇条件下表现出词汇形式的通达障碍 词汇竞争对语音输出的影响较小，甚至没有影响。在……里面 相比之下，布罗卡失语症患者的IFG损害在这种情况下表现出正常的表现模式 将显示词汇竞争对他们的声学-语音输出的影响。第二，假设 来自更高级别来源的信息，包括词汇语义和句子上下文，将优先于词汇 在语音竞争条件下出现的缺陷。假设3：失语症中的词汇缺陷 在听觉单词识别和口语单词产生方面没有受到独立的影响，这意味着 中央赤字。因此，患有SMG损害的传导性失语患者表现出听觉单词的缺陷 语音词汇竞争条件下的再认应表现出伴随的认知障碍 言语产生，以及Broca失语症，损害涉及IFG，显示正常模式 语音词汇竞争条件下的听觉词识别成绩应表现 口语产出中正常的表现模式。为了检验这些假设，我们将使用各种 实验范式包括眼动、同异判断、词汇判断、语义 启动、单词阅读和图片命名，然后对口语输出进行声学分析。 相关性：了解这些损害的基础是朝着制定适当的 康复策略。

The broad goal of this research is to provide a window into those aspects of the cognitive architecture of the lexical processing system that are impaired and those that are spared in aphasia and to examine the neural systems underlying such processing. Specific aims are to examine lexical processing and the effects of competition on mapping from sound to meaning in auditory word recognition and on mapping from meaning to sound in spoken word production to test three hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: Access to lexical form recruits parietal areas including the supramarginal gyrus (SMG), whereas access to lexical meaning recruits frontal areas including the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). It is hypothesized that under conditions of lexical competition Conduction aphasics with parietal damage including the SMG will exhibit deficits when accessing phonological form under conditions of lexical competition and Broca's aphasics with frontal lesions including the IFG will exhibit deficits when accessing lexical meaning under conditions of lexical competition. Hypothesis 2: Aphasic patients have normal interactive processes. This hypothesis will be tested in two ways. First, based on normal results in spoken word production showing the influence of phonological lexical competition on processes downstream from it, i.e. on acoustic phonetic output, it is hypothesized that both Wernicke's aphasics with lesions including the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and Conduction aphasics with lesions including the SMG who show impairments in accessing lexical form under conditions of lexical competition will show smaller or no influence of lexical competition on their acoustic-phonetic output. In contrast, Broca's aphasics with IFG lesions who show normal patterns of performance under such conditions will show lexical competition effects on their acoustic-phonetic output. Second, it is hypothesized that information from higher-level sources including lexical-semantics and sentence context will override lexical deficits that emerge under conditions of phonological competition. Hypothesis 3: Lexical deficits in aphasia are not independently affected in auditory word recognition and spoken word production, implicating a central deficit. Thus, Conduction aphasic patients with SMG lesions who show deficits in auditory word recognition under conditions of phonological lexical competition should show concomitant impairments in spoken word production, and Broca's aphasics with lesions involving the IFG who show normal patterns of performance in auditory word recognition under conditions of phonological lexical competition should show normal patterns of performance in spoken word production. To test these hypotheses, we will use a variety of experimental paradigms including eye-tracking, same-different judgment, lexical decision, semantic priming, and word reading and picture naming followed by acoustic analysis of the spoken output. Relevance: Understanding the basis of these impairments is one step towards to development of appropriate rehabilitation strategies.