Does biogeography select for human disease patterns among Salmonella serovars

描述（由申请人提供）：生物学和行为的相互作用，以及特定血清型，宿主，人类和物理环境之间的相互作用有助于沙门氏菌从非食物来源传播。本应用程序的总体目标是建立环境与沙门氏菌病散发病例之间的联系。中心假设是地理区域独特的环境和生态组成选择了特定的肠球菌血清型并影响了人类疾病模式。具体目标如下：1)比较不同流域野生动物和环境中沙门氏菌的流行和血清型分布；2)确定影响野生动物、水域和人类中特定血清型和菌株存在的生态/环境参数。景观，土地利用，人口统计和地理驱动沙门氏菌流行，血清分布和人类病例发病率的生物地理模式的新概念将通过检查野生动物沙门氏菌携带的关键流域，地表水的负荷，临床人类和动物疾病的发病率以及来源之间分离物的比较来探索。这项工作将阐明沙门氏菌血清型分布和人类疾病模式的重要生态因素，同时提供一种创新的方法来帮助理解环境在人类肠道疾病中的作用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The interplay of biology and behavior, and interactions between specific serovars, reservoir hosts, humans and the physical environment contributes to the transmission of Salmonella from non-food sources. The overall objective of this application is to establish the link between the environment and sporadic cases of salmonellosis. The central hypothesis is that unique environmental and ecological composition of a geographic region selects specific S. enterica serovars and influences human disease pattern(s). The following specific aims will be pursued: 1) compare Salmonella prevalence and serovar distribution in wildlife and the environment in distinct watersheds, and 2) identify the ecological/environmental parameters affecting the presence of specific serovars and strains among wildlife, waters and humans. The novel notion that landscape, land-use, demographics, and geography drive biogeographical patterns in Salmonella prevalence, serovar distribution and incidence of human cases will be explored through the examination of key watersheds for Salmonella carriage in wildlife, loading in surface waters, incidence of clinical human and animal disease and comparison of isolates between sources. This work will elucidate important ecological factors responsible for patterns in Salmonella serovar distribution and human disease, while providing an innovative approach to help understand the role of the environment in human enteric disease. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Despite continued efforts to reduce rates of Salmonella infection in the U.S., incidence remains much higher (16.2 cases/100,000) than the goal of 6.8 set for 2010 and certain regions of the country are disproportionately affected. This project aims to examine the unique environmental and ecological composition of a geographic region selects specific Salmonella enterica serovars and influences human disease patterns. This work will elucidate important ecological factors responsible for patterns in Salmonella serovar distribution and human disease, while providing an innovative approach to help understand the role of the environment in human enteric disease.