Animal Models Workshop: The Physiology of Weight Loss Surgery

描述(申请人提供)：在过去的五年中，使用减肥手术的动物模型来探索能量平衡和代谢功能的生理调节的情况急剧增加。由于其强大的生理效应，这些减肥外科手术为体重、食欲行为、能量利用、葡萄糖稳态、脂代谢等相关调节过程的生理调节提供了特别有价值的窗口。这些手术的小动物模型已经被证明可以非常接近地复制它们的人类模型。由于这些动物的生理、药理和基因操作非常容易，这些模型是非常有用的工具。事实上，最近已经开发了许多新的动物模型，越来越多的研究人员正在使用这些模型进行各种各样的研究。NIH赞助的六个小鼠代谢表型中心中有三个最近建立了减肥手术动物核心，NIDDK赞助的小动物代谢外科(SAMS)核心资源于2009年成立，以促进将这些模型传播到更广泛的科学界。由于MMPC和SAMS的这些核心努力，人们对举办一次关于这些模式的使用和准备的研讨会有着浓厚的兴趣。拟议的研讨会计划的总体目标是(1)提高对这些有价值的模型的认识，(2)分享使用这些模型的最新调查结果，(3)分享它们的准备和使用方面的最佳实践，以及(4)促进更广泛的科学界传播和使用它们。该提案请求支持将于2011年4月3-5日在马萨诸塞州波士顿举行的题为“动物模型研讨会：减肥手术的生理学”的会议。第二届动物模型研讨会与2006年在本址举办的第一届动物模型研讨会如出一辙。研讨会将包括为期两天半的科学计划，然后是为期半天的一系列关于大鼠和小鼠减肥手术程序的现场演示。科学项目将包括广泛使用这些动物模型的研究人员的报告。它将包括各种外科手术的解剖及其临床和代谢结果的比较，包括它们对食物摄入量、食物偏好、食欲行为、能量消耗、体力活动、胃肠功能以及葡萄糖和脂肪稳态的影响。该计划还将重点研究这些效应背后的生理和分子机制，包括肠道激素的作用、自主神经信号、中枢神经系统通路、门静脉和肝脏反应、胰岛素信号、胰岛细胞功能、肠道微生物区系、先天性和获得性免疫信号、白色脂肪细胞、棕色脂肪细胞和肌细胞反应、反应的遗传决定因素，以及使用基因表达、蛋白质和代谢图谱的系统生物学效应。研讨会还将包括主要研究人员的几次演讲，他们的重点是生理学的相关领域，他们的工作可能受益于患者和动物减肥手术研究提供的知识和资源。尽管这些动物模型价值很高，但许多模型很难建立，只有有限数量的研究人员积极使用，为了方便研究人员在多个学科中更广泛地使用这些模型，并尽可能促进技术标准化，该计划还将包括最常见的大鼠和小鼠模型的现场演示，包括Roux-en-Y胃分流术、垂直袖状胃切除术、腔内袖状装置的放置和回肠间置。 公共卫生相关性：在过去的五年中，使用减肥手术的动物模型来探索能量平衡和代谢功能的生理调节的情况急剧增加。第二届动物模型研讨会：减肥手术生理学将于2011年4月3日至5日在马萨诸塞州波士顿举行，旨在汇聚该领域的主要研究人员，其中包括几名广泛使用这些动物模型的人，以及其他专注于生理学相关领域的人，他们的工作可能受益于患者和动物减肥手术研究提供的知识和资源。研讨会将包括为期两天半的科学计划，随后是为期半天的Roux-en-Y胃分流术和其他减肥手术在大鼠和小鼠模型上的现场演示。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The use of animal models of weight loss surgery to explore the physiological regulation of energy balance and metabolic function has increased dramatically during the past five years. Because of their powerful physiological effects, these bariatric surgical procedures provide a particularly valuable window on the physiological regulation of body weight, appetitive behavior, energy utilization, glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and other related regulatory processes. Small animal models of these operations have been shown to replicate closely their human counterparts. Because of the ease of physiological, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of these animals, these models are highly useful tools. Indeed, many new animals models have recently been developed, and an increasing number of investigators are using these models for a wide variety of studies. Three of the six NIH-sponsored Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers have recently established Bariatric Surgery Animal Cores, and the NIDDK-sponsored Small Animal Metabolic Surgery (SAMS) Core Resource was established in 2009 to facilitate the dissemination of these models to the broader scientific community. As a result of these MMPC and SAMS Core efforts, there has been strong interest in having a workshop on the use and preparation of these models. The overall goals of the proposed workshop program are (1) to increase awareness of these valuable models, (2) to share the results of recent investigations using these models, (3) to share best practices in their preparation and use, and (4) to facilitate their dissemination and use by the broader scientific community. This proposal requests support for this conference, entitled "Animal Models Workshop: The Physiology of Weight Loss Surgery," to be held in Boston, MA on April 3-5, 2011. This second Animal Models Workshop mirrors the organization of the first such workshop, held at this site in 2006. The workshop will include a two-and-one-half day scientific program, followed by a half-day series of live demonstrations of bariatric surgical procedures in rats and mice. The scientific program will include reports from investigators who use these animal models extensively. It will include presentations devoted to the anatomy of the various surgical procedures and their comparative clinical and metabolic outcomes, including their effects on food intake, food preference, appetitive behavior, energy expenditure, physical activity, gastrointestinal function, and glucose and lipid homeostasis. The program will also highlight studies of the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying these effects, including the role of gut hormones, autonomic neural signaling, central nervous system pathways, portal and hepatic responses, insulin signaling, pancreatic islet cell function, intestinal microbiota, innate and adaptive immune signaling, white adipocyte, brown adipocyte and myocyte responses, genetic determinants of response, and systems biological effects using gene expression, protein and metabolic profiling. The workshop will also include several talks by leading investigators whose focus is on related areas of physiology and whose work may benefit from the knowledge and resources provided by the study of bariatric surgery in patients and animals. Despite their high value, many of these animal models are difficult to establish and used actively by only a limited number of investigators, To facilitate broader use of these models by investigators in multiple disciplines and promote standardization of technique wherever possible, the program will also include live demonstrations of the most commonly rat and mouse models, including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, vertical sleeve gastrectomy, placement of the endoluminal sleeve device and ileal interposition. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The use of animal models of bariatric surgery to explore the physiological regulation of energy balance and metabolic function has increased dramatically during the past five years. The second Animal Models Workshop: Physiology of Weight Loss Surgery, to be held in Boston, MA on April 3-5, 2011, aims to bring together leading investigators working in this area, including several who use these animal models extensively and others whose focus is on related areas of physiology and whose work may benefit from the knowledge and resources provided by the study of bariatric surgery in patients and animals. The workshop will include a two- and-one-half day scientific program, followed by a half-day series of live demonstrations of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and other bariatric procedures in rat and mouse models.