A T32 Translational Addition Research Fellowship

描述（由申请人提供）：成瘾以及与之相关的艾滋病毒传播、犯罪和暴力等公共卫生问题给我们的国家造成了严重的损失，每年在医疗保健、生产力损失和监禁方面造成数十亿美元的损失。在过去的二十年里，神经科学和遗传学取得了长足的进步，我们需要加快将这些知识转化为更有效的成瘾临床治疗方法。相反，对于一些已知有效的成瘾治疗，我们现在可以应用新的神经科学和基因工具进行“反向翻译”——例如，找出为什么一种治疗方法对一些人有效，而对另一些人却完全无效。为了帮助满足对熟练的转化研究人员的需求，本申请在宾夕法尼亚大学提出了T32转化成瘾研究奖学金。（博士前和博士后）培训计划将明确宾夕法尼亚大学长期以来的转化传统，整合临床和基础研究优势，培养实习生，无论是临床还是临床前，博士还是医学博士，他们将在未来十年加速成瘾科学的发展。对翻译的重视体现在项目的每个层面上——通过co - pi(临床和基础，博士。Childress和Pierce)，内部和外部顾问委员会成员，正式教学，“双重”（临床-临床前）指导，以及在受训者的指导研究项目。该项目的翻译重点是由于认识到成瘾是一种复杂的疾病，由遗传脆弱性、药物暴露和一系列调节（如早期创伤、压力、文化规范）影响的相互作用多重决定。因此，学员将通过专门针对该项目的一系列教学，以及从分子和遗传研究到脑系统（神经科学和神经成像）、临床治疗试验和药物政策的指导项目，获得有关这些相互作用决定因素的最新知识。这种广泛的选择是由大学在成瘾研究方面的悠久卓越历史所实现的，反映在几个学术研究中心（宾夕法尼亚-弗吉尼亚成瘾研究中心；转化研究实验室/CNB；艾滋病研究中心；跨学科烟草使用研究中心；治疗研究所）和实验室（Lucki实验室，Mackler实验室）为奖学金提供熟练，成功的导师。指导研究也在几个附属治疗机构（VA、Presby- Penn、NIDA CTN站点、社区美沙酮诊所和流动艾滋病毒预防单位）中进行，这对于将新的研究成果转化为“现实世界”至关重要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Addictions and the associated public health problems of HIV transmission, crime and violence, exact a severe toll on our nation, costing billions annually in health care, lost productivity, and incarceration. As there have been rapid advances in neuroscience and genetics in the past two decades, we need to speed the 'forward' translation of this knowledge into more effective clinical treatments for the addictions. Conversely, for addiction treatments with some known efficacy, we can now apply new neuroscience and genetic tools in 'backward-translation' ~ e.g., finding why a treatment works well for some individuals, yet not at all for others. To help meet the need for skilled translational researchers, this application proposes a T32 Translational Addiction Research Fellowship at the University of Pennsylvania. The (pre- and post-doctoral) training program will make explicit a long-standing translational tradition at Penn, integrating clinical and basic research strengths to create trainees, whether clinical or preclinical, Ph.D.s or M.D.s, who will accelerate addiction science in the next decade. The emphasis on translation is reflected at each level of the program - through the Co-PIs (clinical and basic, Drs. Childress and Pierce), the internal and external advisory board members, the formal didactics, the "dual" (clinical - preclinical) mentoring, and in the trainees' mentored research projects. The translational emphasis of the program is driven by the recognition that addictions are complex disorders, multi-determined by interaction of genetic vulnerabilities, exposure to drug, and a host of modulating (e.g., early trauma, stress, cultural norms) influences. Trainees will thus be offered state-of-the-art knowledge about these interacting determinants through a didactic series specific to the program, and through mentored projects that may range from molecular and genetic studies, to brain systems (neuroscience and neuroimaging), to clinical treatment trials, and drug policy. This wide range of choices is enabled by the long history of excellence in addiction research at the University, reflected in the several academic research Centers (Penn-VA Addiction Research Center; Translational Research Laboratories/CNB; Center for Aids Research; Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center; Treatment Research Institute) and laboratories (Lucki lab, Mackler lab) offering skilled, successful mentors to the Fellowship. Mentored research also takes place within several affiliated treatment settings (VA, Presby- Penn, NIDA CTN sites, community methadone clinics, and mobile HIV Prevention units), critical for translating new research findings into the 'real world'. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The addictions are complex and expensive public health problems for which we need more effective treatments. The proposed T32 Translational Addiction Research Fellowship will give trainees the framework, and the skills, to speed the development of effective addiction treatments - with concomitant benefit for the addiction-linked public health problems of violence, crime and HIV/AIDs.