Neurobehavioral Contributors to Math Failure: A Reward-Based Learning Framework

描述(由申请人提供)：在这套申请中，我们建议启动一个新的学习障碍研究中心，最初专注于数学不及格的高风险。我们建议将这个新的中心置于儿科神经行为和成像研究的现有强大基础设施中，即儿科神经认知、成像和遗传学(PING)数据资源。PING基础设施为构建新的跨学科和多研究人员计划提供了许多重要优势，因为它已经将行为、临床、成像、计算和遗传学研究人员组成一个紧密整合的团队，最重要的是吸引了一批非常有才华的年轻研究人员和研究生，他们专注于拟议研究中解决的问题。我们团队提出的研究的一个统一主题是，数学失败，或者更广泛地说，学业失败，是通过假定的早期概念弱点逐渐出现的，在某些情况下可归因于特定神经系统中功能不佳和异常的神经结构，以及越来越多的基于奖励的偏见，这些偏见对正常学习轨迹的抑制起到了相加或非相加的作用。与这一主题一致，我们将我们建议的研究中心称为学习障碍研究中心(LDRH)中的情感和选择的角色(REACH)。拟议的REACH中心有三个组成部分：一个新的研究项目，旨在调查数学不及格风险高的儿童在早期发展过程中关于学习和神经结构的关键问题；以及两个核心。行政核心提案描述了新中心的管理计划和将根据新研究调整的PING基础设施；并侧重于嵌套指导计划，以确保不同级别的受训人员与重点工作组内的中层和高级调查人员密切互动。还介绍了用于中心内和中心外数据共享的核心资产。发展基础设施核心提案描述了管理一个小额赠款计划，以支持初级调查人员、受训人员和来自原始REACH LDRH小组以外学科的调查人员在中心内进行的新工作。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In this set of applications, we propose to initiate a new Learning Disabilities Research Hub focusing initially on high risk for mathematics failure. We proposed to situate this new Hub within an existing strong infrastructure for pediatric neurobehavioral and imaging research, the Pediatric Neurocognition, Imaging, and Genetics (PING) data resource. PING infrastructure provides many important advantages for building a new cross disciplinary and multiple-investigator program, as it has already brought together a strong team of behavioral, clinical, imaging, computational, and genetics investigators as a closely integrated team, and most importantly has attracted a very talented group of young investigators and graduate students focused on the problems addressed in the proposed research. A unifying theme of the studies that our team has proposed is the notion that math failure, and perhaps academic failure more broadly, emerges gradually through interactions of putative early conceptual weaknesses, attributable in some cases to poor functioning and anomalous neural architecture in specific neural systems, with increasing reward-based biases that contribute, additively or non-additively, to suppression of the normal learning trajectory. Consistent with this theme we refer to our proposed research hub as the Roles of Emotion and Choice (REaCh) in Learning Disabilities Research Hub (LDRH). The proposed REaCh Hub has 3 components: a new research project to investigate key questions about learning and the neural architecture during early development in children at high risk for math failure, and two cores. The Administrative Core proposal describes the management plan for the new Hub and the PING infrastructure that will be adapted for the new studies; and focuses on a nested mentoring plan for ensuring close interaction between trainees at different levels with mid-level and senior investigators within focused workgroups. The assets of the Core for within-Hub and extra-Hub data sharing are also described. A Developmental Infrastructure Core proposal describes the administration of a small grant program to support novel work within the Hub by junior investigators, trainees, and investigators from disciplines outside of the original REaCh LDRH group.