Holographic Virtual Anatomy Table

项目总结/摘要 医学生很久以前就放弃了盗墓，但学生们仍然需要获得 解剖学资源传统资源（如尸体、动物等）的可得性是 正在减少的、新兴的虚拟替代品正在彻底改变医学实践。兴趣 虚拟辅助设备源于航空和军事领域数十年的成功经验。这些行业-只是 就像在医疗保健领域一样，这些领域是危险和复杂的，对失败的容忍度非常低。虚拟 环境使这些行业的培训变得更快、更安全、 通过计算机辅助教学，可测量性和可重复性更高。 因此，最近出现了显示真人大小的解剖结构的虚拟2D解剖结构表 年龄，性别和体型的差异这些表使用合成模型和真实的医疗模型 扫描（例如CT、MRI、超声）以生成动态视觉（改变组织颜色、脉动 动脉等）这在尸体上是不可能的然而，2D渲染，甚至是连续的 这些表格上的2D切片要求学生在心理上推断3D空间关系。所述2D 视觉效果需要额外的心理步骤来消除血管网络的歧义或理解3D 表面结构。因此，沉浸式3D差距存在于今天的真实的，但有限的， 传统的解剖学资源和未来高度动态的虚拟资源。 为了弥补这一差距，Third Dimension Technologies（TDT）提出了一项研究， 范德比尔特大学医学中心和生物数字系统开发全息人类-一个地面- 打破全息3D解剖表-作为一个重大飞跃，以补充传统的 训练HoloHuman的关键创新是TDT的全息角切片3D显示器 （HAS 3D），其是再现所有人类视觉线索的电子全息立体图。 TDT计划在第一阶段展示可行性;目标1：与范德比尔特和BioDigital合作， 定义需求;目标2：证明高风险3D全息渲染的可行性;目标3： 为将在第二阶段建造的全息人原型开发概念设计;目标4： 制定实验课程计划，以评估第二阶段原型的有效性。 TDT将把HoloHuman定位为解剖训练的补充。TDT估计数共计 全球2，334所医学院（美国170所）的可用市场至少为9亿美元。两 公司目前提供虚拟解剖表，Sectra（瑞典）和解剖（美国）， 价格从6万美元到20万美元。HoloHuman将超越这些2D产品，推出下一代产品， 免戴眼镜的全息3D显示器。除培训外，未来的领域包括 手术规划、诊断放射学、虚拟尸检、患者教育和远程医疗。

Project Summary/Abstract Medical students long ago gave up robbing graves for corpses, but students still need access to anatomy resources. While availability of traditional resources (e.g. cadavers, animals, etc.) is dwindling, emerging virtual alternatives are revolutionizing the practice of medicine. Interest in virtual aids derives from decades of success in aviation and the military. These industries-just as in healthcare-are hazardous and complex with very low tolerance for failure. Virtual environments have enabled training in these industries to become faster, safer, more measurable and more reproducible with computer-aided instruction. As a result, virtual 2D anatomy tables have recently appeared that display life-size anatomy across age, sex and body types. These tables use both synthesized models and real medical scans (e.g. CT, MRI, ultrasound) to generate dynamic visuals (changing tissue colors, pulsating arteries, etc.) that are not possible with cadavers. However, 2D renderings, or even sequential 2D slices, on these tables require students to mentally infer 3D spatial relationships. The 2D visuals require extra mental steps to disambiguate vascular networks or to understand 3D surface structures. Thus, an immersive 3D gap exists between today's real, yet limited, traditional anatomy resources and tomorrow's highly dynamic, yet virtual, resources. To address this gap, Third Dimension Technologies (TDT) proposes research with Vanderbilt University Medical Center and BioDigital Systems to develop HoloHuman-a ground- breaking holographic 3D anatomy table-as a major leap forward to complement traditional training. The key innovation of HoloHuman is TDT's Holographic Angular Slice 3D Display (HAS3D), which is an electronic holographic stereogram that reproduces all human visual cues. TDT plans in Phase I to show feasibility by; Aim 1: collaborating with Vanderbilt and BioDigital to define requirements; Aim 2: proving feasibility of the high-risk 3D holographic rendering; Aim 3: developing a Conceptual Design for the HoloHuman prototype to be built in Phase II; and Aim 4: developing an experimental curriculum plan to evaluate the effectiveness of Phase II prototype. TDT will position HoloHuman as complementary to anatomy training. TDT estimates total available market of the world's 2,334 medical schools (170 in US) to be at least $900M. Two companies currently offer virtual anatomy tables, Sectra (Sweden) and Anatomage (US), with prices from $60K to $200K. HoloHuman will move beyond these 2D products with a next-gen, glasses-free, holographic 3D display at comparable prices. Beyond training, future areas include surgical planning, diagnostic radiology, virtual autopsy, patient education and telemedicine.