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异嗜性小鼠白血病病毒相关病毒（XMRV）首次在前列腺癌患者的前列腺组织中被鉴定出来。随后对该病毒流行的研究得出了不一致的结果，使得该病毒与前列腺癌之间的联系尚不清楚。我们应用实时定量PCR和两种控制良好的免疫组织化学（IHC）检测新获得的和存档的组织标本中的XMRV。我们的实时PCR检测可靠地从22Rv1细胞（XMRV感染的细胞系）的单个细胞基因组DNA （gDNA）中检测XMRV DNA，即使存在大量未感染的细胞gDNA。我们的免疫组化检测使用了两种兔白血病病毒特异性多克隆抗血清p30CA和gp70SU。两种抗血清对22Rv1细胞和xmrv转染的细胞都显示出强大的免疫染色，但对许多未感染的细胞系没有染色。采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测161份前列腺肿瘤来源的DNA样本，采用免疫组化法检测596份前列腺肿瘤组织样本。我们的肿瘤组织在Gleason评分高（例如，大于或等于7）的病例中丰富，并包括许多转移性病变。我们还通过免疫组化检测了452个前列腺组织，其中包括各种良性病变。我们没有在任何测试样本中检测到XMRV。研究结果表明，在北美男性的良性和恶性前列腺组织中，XMRV的患病率极低，或者没有。

Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus Related Virus (XMRV) was first identified in prostate tissues from prostate cancer patients. Subsequent studies on the prevalence of the virus have produced inconsistent results, leaving the link between the virus and prostate cancer unclear. We applied a quantitative real-time PCR assay and two well-controlled immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays for the detection of XMRV in freshly obtained and archival tissue specimens. Our real-time PCR assay reliably detected XMRV DNA from a single cells worth of genomic DNA (gDNA) from 22Rv1 cells, an XMRV-infected cell line, even in the presence of a vast excess of uninfected cell gDNA. Our IHC assays utilized two rabbit polyclonal antisera specific for murine leukemia virus, p30CA and gp70SU. Both antisera showed robust immunostaining of 22Rv1 cells and XMRV-transfected cells, but did not stain a number of uninfected cell lines. We tested 161 prostate tumor-derived DNA samples by real-time PCR and 596 prostate tumor tissue specimens by IHC. Our tumor tissues were enriched for cases with high Gleason score (e.g., greater than or equal to 7) and included a number of metastatic lesions. We also tested 452 prostate tissues containing a variety of benign pathologies by IHC. We did not detect XMRV in any of the samples tested. The findings suggest an extremely low prevalence, or absence, of XMRV in benign and malignant prostate tissues in men living in North America.