Audiovisual processing in specific language impairment

描述（由申请人提供）：特定语言障碍的视听处理。越来越多的文献表明，联合收割机结合听觉和视觉信息的能力在正常的语言习得中起着重要的作用。然而，这些感觉的融合是否会导致语言障碍的发展，如特定语言障碍（SLI），尚不清楚。到目前为止，只有少数研究评估视听加工SLI。他们都使用了感觉冲突范式--所谓的麦格克错觉--在这种错觉中，“pa”的声音被配音到“ka”的视觉清晰度上，通常导致“ta”的感知。“这些研究报告说，患有SLI的儿童和有SLI病史的成年人对这种错觉的敏感性降低，结论是他们的视听整合受损。然而，不能解决听觉和视觉模态之间的感官冲突在音节感知并不预先假定在视听整合在其他阶段的语言处理，如早期感官编码的语音或后来的词汇感知的损害。此外，视听处理障碍如何与SLI儿童的言语语言缺陷相互作用尚不清楚。该项目旨在以多种方式促进我们对SLI视听处理的理解。首先，我们确定的视听处理SLI在声学，音素和词汇水平的语音感知的有效性，通过借鉴的事件相关脑电位（ERP）的方法，其出色的时间分辨率，使其唯一适合于评估的视听感知动摇在SLI的信息处理阶段的强度。我们还增加了更多的生态有效的刺激-音节没有感官冲突和单词-我们的范式，以检查视听处理更现实的语音刺激。最后，通过评估之间的相关性，一方面，行为和ERP指标的视听整合，另一方面，一系列的认知和语言技能的儿童与SLI，我们努力确定这些认知和语言缺陷的SLI是最有可能受到影响的视听知觉困难在这一组。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Audiovisual Processing in Specific Language Impairment. A growing body of literature strongly suggests that the ability to combine auditory and visual information plays a significant role in normal language acquisition. However, whether a breakdown in the merging of these senses may contribute to the development of language disorders, such as specific language impairment (SLI), is unknown. So far, only a few studies have evaluated audiovisual processing in SLI. All of them used the sensory conflict paradigm - the so-called McGurk illusion - in which the sound of "pa" is dubbed onto the visual articulation of "ka" typically leading to the perception of "ta." These studies have reported a reduced susceptibility to this illusion in children with SLI and in adults with a history of SLI, concludin that their audiovisual integration is impaired. However, the inability to resolve a sensory conflic between auditory and visual modalities during syllable perception does not presuppose an impairment in audiovisual integration during other stages of linguistic processing, such as early sensory encoding of speech sounds or later lexical perception. Furthermore, how an impairment in audiovisual processing interacts with speech-language deficits of children with SLI is unknown. This project is designed to advance our understanding of audiovisual processing in SLI in multiple ways. First, we determine the effectiveness of audiovisual processing in SLI at the acoustic, phonemic, and lexical levels of speech perception by drawing on the strength of the event-related brain potentials (ERP) method, whose excellent temporal resolution makes it uniquely suited for evaluating the stage of information processing at which audiovisual perception falters in SLI. We also add more ecologically valid stimuli - syllables without a sensory conflict and words - to our paradigms in order to examine audiovisual processing in response to more realistic speech stimuli. Lastly, by evaluating correlations between, on the one hand, behavioral and ERP indices of audiovisual integration and, on the other hand, a range of cognitive and language skills in children with SLI, we strive to identify those cognitive and linguistic deficits of SLI that are most likely to be affected by audiovisual perception difficultis in this group.