Personality and Health - A Longitudinal Study

描述（由申请人提供）：随着年龄的增长，个人保持良好健康的可能性显着不同，这种变化在很大程度上可以通过人格对一生健康的影响来捕捉。我们对这种竞争性更新的总体目标是在夏威夷人格和健康队列中研究人格和健康之间在生命周期中的关联，以及这些关联背后的机制。这一多民族群体提供了一个难得的机会，调查人格过程与健康的关系。这项研究始于50多年前，当时参与者还是小学生。自1998年以来，我们找到并招募了参与者进行个性和许多其他心理变量的问卷评估，并在平均年龄50岁时进行了广泛的基线医学和心理检查。我们已经证明了童年个性与中年时主观和客观健康结果之间的关联。在项目的下一阶段，主要活动将是B对所有合格参与者（N = 572）进行首次随访医学和心理检查，样本平均年龄为60岁，基线检查后约10年。儿童期人格和人格变化（从儿童期到成年期，加上成年期的人格变化）将用于预测平均年龄60岁时的身体健康和认知功能，以及平均年龄50至60岁时的身体健康和认知功能变化。此外，我们将研究健康心理学模型的主要机制，以解释人格健康协会，我们将在一个为期5年的纵向研究的背景下这样做。这些机制是基于认知（抑制控制），生物（HPA轴），和行为（饮食，运动，烟草和酒精的使用，阳光照射）的过程，已被假设为人格健康协会的基础。我们将在对夏威夷和特曼生命周期数据的综合分析中研究社会整合（社会支持）过程。该项目将产生证据来指导基于人格的干预措施，特别是通过提出哪些特质和特质机制在童年和中年最相关（例如，小学时的特质忠诚，中年时的健康行为机制）。此外，该项目还解决了亚裔美国人和夏威夷原住民或其他太平洋岛民后裔在与健康有关的科学研究中代表性严重不足的问题。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Individuals differ remarkably in the likelihood that they will maintain good health as they age, and much of this variation can be captured by the influence of personality on health over the lifespan. Our overarching aim for this competing renewal is to study associations between personality and health over the lifespan, and the mechanisms underlying these associations, in the Hawaii Personality and Health cohort. This multiethnic cohort provides a rare opportunity to investigate personality processes in relation to health. The study began over 50 years ago with personality assessments of the participants when they were elementary school children. Since 1998, we have located and recruited participants for questionnaire assessments of personality and many other psychosocial variables, and conducted an extensive baseline medical and psychological examination at mean age 50. We have demonstrated associations between childhood personality and subjective and objective health outcomes at midlife. In this next phase of the project the primary activity will b to conduct the first follow-up medical and psychological examination of our sample at mean age 60, approximately 10 years after the baseline examination, on all eligible participants (N = 572). Childhood personality and personality change (from childhood to adulthood, plus personality change in adulthood) will be used to predict physical health and cognitive function at mean age 60, and changes in physical health and cognitive functioning from mean age 50 to 60. Furthermore, we will examine the main mechanisms from health-psychology models to account for personality-health associations, and we shall do so uniquely in the context of a 5-decade longitudinal study. These mechanisms are based on cognitive (inhibitory control), biological (HPA axis), and behavioral (diet, exercise, tobacco and alcohol use, sun exposure) processes which have been hypothesized to underlie personality-health associations. We will examine social-integration (social support) processes in our integrative analyses of the Hawaii and Terman Life Cycle data. This project will generate evidence to guide personality based interventions, in particular by suggesting which traits and trait mechanisms are most relevant in childhood and at midlife (e.g., trait conscientiousness in elementary school, health-behavior mechanisms at midlife). In addition, this project addresses the gross under-representation of Asian-Americans and those of Native-Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander ancestry in health-related scientific research.