Hyperbaric reactor for synthesis and materials chemistry

有些化学反应在正常大气压下是缓慢的或不能进行的，在高压或高压条件下会被强烈加速。 其他类型的化学反应在高压下被阻滞。 因此，对化学系统施加高压可以是化学家控制竞争性和连续反应的过程以及控制某些反应的区域选择性、化学选择性和立体选择性的极其有力的工具。 构成这一应用基础的设备可以施加超过正常大气压10000倍的压力（或者，换句话说，比马里亚纳海沟底部（海洋最深处）施加的压力大10倍）。 这笔赠款将用于翻新现有的高压反应堆，该反应堆为化学发现提供了十多年的有用工具，但已不再工作。一个简单的翻新是20%的新仪器的成本。 一些研究小组将使用这一设备，并利用它来促进天然产品和有机药物制备中的特定化学反应，否则这些反应在正常条件下是不可能的或产量很低。此外，其使用范围将扩大到材料化学应用。最近，申请人发现金属纳米颗粒（和其他固体载体）的化学改性可以使用高压条件来加速，因此现在存在新的研究机会途径。加拿大需要这些设备来保持其在这一新兴领域的竞争优势。

Some chemical reactions that are sluggish or do not proceed at normal atmospheric pressure are strongly accelerated under hyperbaric, or high pressure conditions.  Other types of chemical reactions are retarded at high pressure.  Application of high pressure on a chemical system can therefore be an extremely powerful tool to the chemist to control the course of competitive and consecutive reactions and to control the regio-, chemo- and stereoselectivity of some reactions.  The equipment that forms the basis of this application can exert pressures of over 10000 times that of normal atmospheric pressure (or, put another way, 10 times greater than the pressure exerted at the bottom of the Mariana Trench- the deepest part of the ocean).  This grant is to refurbish an existing high pressure reactor that provided a useful tool for chemical discovery for over a decade, but is no longer working. A simple refurbishment is 20% of the cost of a new instrument.  This equipment will be used by a number of research groups and be exploited to facilitate specific chemical reactions in the preparation of natural products and organic pharmaceuticals that otherwise would be impossible or result in poor yields under normal conditions. In addition, the scope of its use will be expanded to materials chemistry applications. Recently, the applicants discovered that the chemical modification of metal nanoparticles (and other solid supports) can be accelerated using hyperbaric conditions and thus new avenues of research opportunities now exist. The equipment is required for Canada to keep its competitive edge in this emerging area.