Information processing in the first half second of vision

在接下来的五年里，我计划在三个相关领域工作，这些领域与视觉前半秒内发生的信息处理事件有关。1.注意力瞬间转移。 当两个目标（T1和T2）快速连续显示时，T1的准确性几乎是完美的，但T2的准确性却大大降低（注意瞬脱，AB）。 我计划调查AB的四个相关方面。 首先，我计划测试两个模型的差异预测：暂时失去控制（TLC）和延迟注意力投入（DAE）。 这将通过T2的差异提示来完成。 其次，我计划找出是否输入过滤器假设在TLC模型可以设置为最佳的一个以上的刺激属性。 在这个项目中，我计划跟进一项试点研究的结果，该研究揭示了当两个目标属于不同类别时，AB的意外衰减。 第三，我会问TLC输入过滤器是否被设计成仅仅忽略干扰或主动拒绝它们。 最后，我计划追求一个问题所产生的调查AB文学：为什么它的现象滞后-1节省（在T2的知觉是不受损害的，如果它是直接T1之后）是从来没有得到与反应时间作为依赖措施。 一项试点研究的结果表明，T2后是否戴口罩是关键因素，但系统的工作仍有待完成。2. 时间整合与知觉客体形成的动力学。 我计划使用一个著名的范式的时间整合的顺序显示来研究知觉对象形成的时间动态。 一个现存的客体会干扰一个新的知觉客体的形成吗？3.返回抑制（Inhibition of Return，IOR） IOR指的是这样一个发现，即对出现在先前有人值守位置的目标的响应时间比对出现在先前无人值守位置的目标的响应时间慢。在这方面的工作计划集中在观察员的期望和注意力的势头IOR的大小的作用。

In the next five years, I plan to work in three related areas having to do with information processing events that take place within the first half second of vision. 1. The attentional blink.  When two targets (T1 and T2) are displayed in rapid succession, accuracy is nearly perfect for T1 but substantially reduced for T2 (attentional blink, AB).  I plan to investigate four related aspects of the AB.  First, I plan to test differential predictions from two models: Temporary Loss of Control (TLC) and Delayed Attentional Engagement (DAE).  This will be done by differential cuing of T2.  Second, I plan to find out whether the input filter postulated in the TLC model can be set optimally for more than one stimulus attribute.  In this project, I plan to follow up the results of a pilot study which revealed an unanticipated attenuation of the AB when the two targets belonged to different categories.  Third, I will ask whether the TLC input filter is designed to merely ignore distractors or to actively reject them.  Finally, I plan to pursue a question arising from a survey to the AB literature: why is it that the phenomenon of Lag-1 sparing (in which perception of T2 is unimpaired if it is presented directly after T1) is never obtained with reaction time as the dependent measure.  The outcome of a pilot study implicates the presence of a mask after T2 as the critical factor; but the systematic work remains to be done. 2.  Temporal integration and the dynamics of perceptual object formation.  I plan to use a well-known paradigm of temporal integration of sequential displays to study the temporal dynamics of perceptual object formation.  Does an existing object interfere with the formation of a new perceptual object? 3. Wrapping up my earlier work on inhibition of return (IOR).  IOR refers to the finding that response times are slower to a target presented at a previously attended location than to a target presented at a previously unattended location. The work planned in this area focuses on the role of observer expectation and attentional momentum on the magnitude of IOR.