Information processing in the first half second of vision

在接下来的五年里，我计划在三个相关的领域工作，这些领域都与视觉前半秒内发生的信息处理事件有关。1. 注意力在眨眼。当两个目标（T1和T2）快速连续显示时，T1的准确性几乎完美，但T2的准确性大大降低（注意眨眼，AB）。我计划研究AB的四个相关方面。首先，我计划测试两个模型的差异预测：暂时失去控制（TLC）和延迟注意力投入（DAE）。这可以通过T2的微分来实现。其次，我打算找出TLC模型中假设的输入滤波器是否可以对多个刺激属性进行最优设置。在这个项目中，我计划跟进一项试点研究的结果，该研究发现，当两个目标属于不同的类别时，AB会出现意想不到的衰减。第三，我将问TLC输入过滤器是否被设计为仅仅忽略干扰还是主动拒绝它们。最后，我打算继续研究AB文献调查中出现的一个问题：为什么Lag-1保留现象（如果T2在T1之后直接出现，则T2的感知不会受损）从未以反应时间作为依赖测量。一项初步研究的结果表明，在T2后出现口罩是关键因素；但系统的工作仍有待完成。2。时间整合与知觉客体形成的动态。我计划使用一个著名的时序显示的时间整合范式来研究感知对象形成的时间动态。一个现有的对象是否会干扰一个新的感知对象的形成？3. 结束我早期关于返回抑制（IOR）的研究。IOR指的是发现在先前有人值守的位置呈现的目标的响应时间比在先前无人值守的位置呈现的目标的响应时间要慢。计划在这一领域开展的工作侧重于观察者期望和注意动量对IOR大小的作用。

In the next five years, I plan to work in three related areas having to do with information processing events that take place within the first half second of vision. 1. The attentional blink.  When two targets (T1 and T2) are displayed in rapid succession, accuracy is nearly perfect for T1 but substantially reduced for T2 (attentional blink, AB).  I plan to investigate four related aspects of the AB.  First, I plan to test differential predictions from two models: Temporary Loss of Control (TLC) and Delayed Attentional Engagement (DAE).  This will be done by differential cuing of T2.  Second, I plan to find out whether the input filter postulated in the TLC model can be set optimally for more than one stimulus attribute.  In this project, I plan to follow up the results of a pilot study which revealed an unanticipated attenuation of the AB when the two targets belonged to different categories.  Third, I will ask whether the TLC input filter is designed to merely ignore distractors or to actively reject them.  Finally, I plan to pursue a question arising from a survey to the AB literature: why is it that the phenomenon of Lag-1 sparing (in which perception of T2 is unimpaired if it is presented directly after T1) is never obtained with reaction time as the dependent measure.  The outcome of a pilot study implicates the presence of a mask after T2 as the critical factor; but the systematic work remains to be done. 2.  Temporal integration and the dynamics of perceptual object formation.  I plan to use a well-known paradigm of temporal integration of sequential displays to study the temporal dynamics of perceptual object formation.  Does an existing object interfere with the formation of a new perceptual object? 3. Wrapping up my earlier work on inhibition of return (IOR).  IOR refers to the finding that response times are slower to a target presented at a previously attended location than to a target presented at a previously unattended location. The work planned in this area focuses on the role of observer expectation and attentional momentum on the magnitude of IOR.