Production of a novel resistant starches and evaluation of their human health benefits

这项建议的目的是通过玉米和大麦育种计划产生新的RSS，并评估它们在摄入后对人类健康的好处。与饮食和生活方式相关的疾病，如2型糖尿病(T2 DM)、冠心病、肥胖和结肠癌，是西方富裕社会和新兴国家残疾和过早死亡的主要原因。增加全谷物谷类食品的消费大大降低了这些疾病的风险。特别是，作为膳食纤维组成部分的抗性淀粉(RS)对这些好处做出了重要贡献，它减少了摄入后血糖水平的上升(有助于控制T2 DM和减少与心血管疾病相关的因素)，并作为益生菌发挥作用，促进健康的较低肠道微生物群和减少结直肠癌的发生。在富足疾病风险较高的人群中，RS的摄入量较低，有理由增加其消费量，以此作为在人口一级改善公共卫生营养的有效手段。在日常消费的食物中用RSS取代正常的淀粉(这是人类饮食中最重要的能量来源)是一个理想的机会，可以以可接受的形式为广泛的人群带来深远的健康益处。RSS的物理化学性质将被确定，并帮助枫叶食品公司确定它们作为潜在食品成分的功能性。该计划产生的RSS也将被用作可利用的研究材料来源，以检验关于淀粉质蛋白复合体在RS结构形成中的作用的假设。总体而言，这一综合性和多学科的RS研究将创造新的种质资源，扩大我们在人类营养健康和植物体内植物雌激素生物合成调控的关键领域的知识，并为改善公共卫生做出贡献。

The aims of this proposal are to generate novel RSs through maize and barley breeding programs and evaluatetheir human health benefits following ingestion.Dietary and lifestyle-related diseases such as type-2 diabetes (T2DM), coronary heart disease, obesity andcolonic cancers are major causes of disability and premature death in westernised affluent societies andemerging nations. Increased consumption of whole grain cereal foods reduces the risk of these conditionssubstantially. In particular, resistant starch (RS) which is a component of dietary fibre makes an importantcontribution to these benefits by reducing rises in blood sugar levels following ingestion (helping to controlT2DM and reducing factors associated with cardiovascular disease) and acting as a prebiotic, promoting ahealthy lower gut microflora and mitigating incidents of colorectal cancer. RS intakes are low in populations athigh risk of the diseases of affluence, and there is a case for increasing its consumption as an effective means ofimproving nutrition for public health at the population level. Replacement of normal starches (which are themost important source of energy in the human diet) with RSs in daily consumed foods represents an idealopportunity to deliver profound health benefits to broad sectors of the population in an acceptable form.Physicochemical properties of RSs will be determined, and help determine their functionality as potential foodingredients by Maple Leaf Foods Inc. The RSs produced as a result of this program will also be used as avaluable source of research material to test hypotheses about the role of amyloplast protein complexes in theformation of RS structures. Overall, this comprehensive and multidisciplinary study of RS will create novelgermplasm, expand our knowledge in key areas of both human nutritional health and the regulation of storagestarch biosynthesis in plants, and contribute to the improvement of public health.