Photonics in microelectronic and biological applications

光子学在不同的研究领域做出了越来越大的贡献。这份提案中描述的两个光子学应用是在眼科微手术和微电子领域。飞秒激光被广泛用于微加工，因为这些超短脉冲系统可以非常干净和精确地切割。这种精确的消融现在被转移到透明介质上，不仅用于表面，也用于亚表面应用，如眼睛的显微手术。例如，通过在角膜基质内产生微等离子体，可以在组织内实现切割效果，同时保持前几层完好无损。这种切割效应是由等离子体引导的消融过程中产生的空化所产生的。但切割需要大量的脉冲，连续的脉冲由较早的脉冲产生的空化气泡散射。本研究的目的是优化激光条件(波长、能量)，以最大限度地减少这种散射，以实现这些空化气泡的最小间距，从而获得最有效的切割。硅是微电子工业的首选材料。在全硅矩阵上集成光电子元件将大大简化光电子器件的概念和制造，例如，通过用光学连接取代电气连接，计算机可以运行得更快。但硅的发光性能很差，它的间接带隙阻碍了辐射跃迁。然而，硅纳米结构(Si-NC)可以发光，为了制造具有定制发光特性的Si-NC，正在探索与微电子工业中使用的那些工艺兼容的几种工艺。为了更好地理解纳米晶体产生和生长的基本机制，人们正在进行广泛的研究。这项研究的目标是最大化发射和塑造发光光谱。

Photonics is contributing more and more in different fields of research. The two photonics applications described in this proposal are in the fields of ophthalmic micro-surgery and microelectronics. Femtosecond lasers are extensively used for micro-machining because of the very clean and precise cut that is possible with these ultrashort pulse systems. This precise ablation is now being transposed to transparent media for surface but also sub-surface applications such as micro-surgery of the eye. For example, by generating micro-plasmas inside the corneal stroma, it is possible to achieve a cutting effect inside the tissue while leaving the anterior layers intact. This cutting effect is produced by a cavitation that accompanies plasma-mediated ablation. But incisions require a large number of pulses with the successive pulses being scattered by the cavitation bubbles produced by earlier pulses. The object of this research is to optimize the laser conditions (wavelength, energy) to minimize this scattering to achieve the closest spacing of these cavitation bubbles and thus the most efficient incision. Silicon is the material of choice in the microelectronic industry. The integration of optoelectronic components on an all Si matrix would considerably simplify the conception and fabrication of optoelectronic devices, allowing, for example, computers to operate faster by replacing electrical connections with optical ones. But Si is a poor light emitter; its indirect band gap impedes radiative transitions. However, Si nanostructures (Si-nc) can emit light and several processes, compatible with those used in the micro-electronics industry, are being explored in order to produce Si-nc with tailored luminescent properties. Extensive studies are being carried out to better understand the basic mechanisms of nanocrystal production and growth. The goal of this research is to maximize emission and shape the luminescence spectrum.