Reactor, fluidization and environmental studies

这项建议寻求新的资金，以扩大在几个领域有前途的研究，并开始对能源、工业能力和环境具有重要意义的新研究：我们对催化流化床反应器建模的概率方法将扩展到包括瞬态行为、气固反应、一种或多种产物的选择性去除以及反应物的分布添加。这将提高模型作为仿真和设计工具的价值。2. 我们将通过在液体和气体流化床中进行简单的实验来改进流化床中颗粒和流体动力学的计算流体动力学（CFD）模型，以便与预测进行直接比较，最大限度地减少假设和未知的数量。它还计划运行一个移动实验流化床系统，该系统将前往不同的实验室进行先进的测试和仪器技术的比较，同时也为CFD和其他模型的验证提供一个独特的数据库。3. 由于它们在许多工业过程中的相关性，其中紧密堆积的传热管和其他固定的内表面被纳入流化床反应器，因此将研究“拥挤”流化床的流体动力学，以优化颗粒循环和整体流动均匀性。4. 在加拿大和其他地方，生物质对于避免温室气体排放具有特别重要的意义。然而，生物质颗粒由于其独特的物理特性而难以处理。将进行实验以完善生物质颗粒流化的基础。5. 我们在使用钙吸附剂从烟气流中分离二氧化碳方面的工作将扩展到新型吸附剂，其中惰性耐火材料被纳入粉末基质中以防止烧结，我们发现这是循环时吸附能力丧失的主要原因。6. 溴化阻燃剂在环境中受到越来越多的关注。将进行实验和质量平衡模拟研究，以提高对多溴脱苯醚如何从电子废物、其他消费产品和应用的生物固体转移到空气、水和土壤中的了解。

This proposal seeks renewed funding to extend promising research in several areas and to initiate new research of importance to energy, industrial capabilities and the environment: 1. Our probabilistic approach to the modelling of catalytic fluidized bed reactors will be extended to incorporate transient behaviour, gas-solid reactions, selective removal of one or more product, and distributed addition of reactants. This will enhance the value of the model as a simulation and design tool. 2. We will seek to improve computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modelling of particle and fluid dynamics in fluidized beds by carrying out simple experiments in liquid- and gas-fluidized beds for direct comparison with predictions, minimizing the number of assumptions and unknown. It is also planned to operate a mobile experimental fluidized bed system that will travel to different laboratories for advanced testing and comparison of instrumentation techniques, while also providing a unique database for validation of CFD and other models. 3. Because of their relevance in a number of industrial processes where tightly-packed heat transfer tubes and other fixed internal surfaces are incorporated into fluidized bed reactors, the hydrodynamics of "congested" fluidized beds will be investigated, with a view to optimizing particle circulation and overall flow uniformity. 4. Biomass is of special importance with respect to avoiding greenhouse gas emissions in Canada and elsewhere. However, biomass particles are difficult to treat due to their unique physical characterisitics. Experiments will be carried out to improve the basis for fluidizing biomass particles. 5. Our work on separating CO2 from flue gas streams using calcium sorbent will be extended to novel sorbents in which inert refractories are incorporated into the powder matrix to prevent sintering, which we have found to be the major cause of loss of sorption capacity upon cycling. 6. Brominated flame retardants are of growing concern in the environment. Experimental and mass balance modelling studies will be carried out to improve the understanding of how polybrominated dephenyl ethers (PBDEs) are transferring from electronic wastes, other consumer products, and applied bio-solids into air, water and soil.