Wrapping up 50 years of fluidization and multiphase system fundamental and applied research

这项提案寻求为50年来成功的基础和应用研究和指导事业的最后一章提供资金。 流态化床层的雾化作用具有极大的不确定性，预测之间的偏差高达20个数量级！我们最近已经证明，静电电荷是造成这种不确定性的主要原因，而现有的任何预测方法都没有考虑到这一点，粒子的电学性质起着很大的作用。我们将测量不同材料制成的柱子中的夹带和静电电荷，并开发考虑静电力的预测方法。还将探讨静电对运输脱离高度的影响。 人们对磨耗知之甚少，但在许多过程中却至关重要。我们将利用工业上广泛用于表征催化剂颗粒磨损特性的三喷流磨损装置来进行CFD研究，以更好地了解导致磨损和破碎的颗粒运动和相互作用的基本原理。我们还将比较四种不同设备在低温和高温下的磨损。 8年前，申请人构思并领导了一项倡议，设计和制造一种新型的移动沸腾床装置，该装置现已在3个国家的7个实验室在相同条件下运行，从而能够比较测量技术。它还导致了一个用于验证多相CFD代码的独特数据库。替代技术总体上表现出良好的定性一致性，但在数量上存在很大差异。CFD研究将利用实验研究中使用的实际示踪剂的性质来预测颗粒的运动，以确定不同的示踪剂物理性质在多大程度上解释了在流体动力学测量中观察到的定量差异，并建立了选择示踪剂颗粒的标准。 申请者是正在进行的碳捕获CREATE计划的联合PI。需要发现赠款资金来支持替代固体二氧化碳吸附剂的测试，这种吸附剂除了成本低和良好的物理和化学特性外，还可以在相对较低的温度下再生。它还将完成一篇关于生物质双床水蒸气气化反应器模型的博士论文，并为一个关于天然气吸附强化重整的新项目提供部分支持。 申请人已经与Wiley签署了一份合同，准备一本关于流态化的新教科书，这是非常需要的，因为以前以教学为重点的流态化书籍已经有几十年的历史了，因此未能涵盖最近的发展，例如使用多相CFD程序取得的巨大进步和对颗粒间作用力的新理解。助学金将允许申请者继续参加重要会议，聘请暑期学生协助处理数字和推荐信，并支付杂费。

This proposal seeks funding for the last chapter in a successful 50-year career of fundamental and applied research and mentoring. Entrainment from fluidized beds is subject to enormous uncertainty, with discrepancies between predictions up to 20 orders of magnitude! We have recently shown that electrostatic charges, not considered in any existing predictive methods, are responsible for much of this uncertainty, with electrical properties of particles playing a strong role. We will measure entrainment and electrostatic charges in columns made of different materials and develop predictive methods which account for electrostatic forces. The effect of electrostatics on transport disengaging heights will also be explored. Attrition is poorly understood, but of vital importance in many processes. We will utilize a 3-jet attrition device, widely used in industry for catalyst particle attrition characterization, to CFD study to better understand the fundamentals of particle motion and interactions leading to abrasion and breakage. We will also compare attrition in four different devices at low and high temperature. 8 years ago, the applicant conceived and led an initiative to design and build a novel Travelling Fluidized Bed apparatus that has now been operated under identical conditions at 7 labs in 3 countries, enabling comparison of measurement techniques. It has also led to a unique database for validation of multiphase CFD codes. Alternative techniques have generally shown good qualitative agreement, but substantial quantitative differences. A CFD study will predict the motion of particles with properties of actual tracers used in the experimental studies to determine the extent to which different tracer physical properties account for the observed quantitative differences in hydrodynamic measurement and to establish criteria for choosing particles for tracking. The applicant is a co-PI on an ongoing CREATE program on carbon capture. Discovery grant funding is needed to support testing of alternative solid CO2 sorbents, which, in addition to low cost and favourable physical and chemical properties, can be regenerated at relatively low temperatures. It will also enable a PhD thesis on reactor modelling of dual bed steam gasification of biomass to be completed, and provide partial support for a new project on sorbent-enhanced reforming of natural gas. The applicant has signed a contract with Wiley to prepare a new textbook on Fluidization, sorely needed as previous teaching-focused fluidization books are decades old, therefore failing to cover recent developments, such as the enormous advances made using multi-phase CFD codes and new understanding regarding inter-particle forces. Grant support will allow the applicant to continue to attend key conferences, hire a summer student to assist with figures and references, and cover incidental costs.