Mechanisms underlying bioactivity of edible seaweed/algae constituents

拟议的研究旨在确定和表征从东部（大马南，NB; NS，PEI）和西部（Bamfield，BC）收获的可食用海藻中独特成分的保护性抗氧化剂和其他生物活性。加拿大的海岸。这些海藻成分可以潜在地抑制加工食品中的脂质氧化，以提高其安全性和稳定性;并在减少使用动物模型研究的乳腺癌或结肠癌中与饮食相关的慢性疾病风险因素方面发挥作用。我们已经发表了关于可食用海藻提取物的抗氧化活性的数据，包括dulse（P. palmata）和各种海带（Laminaria，Macrocystis，Nereocystis sp.）。我们还报道了杜勒斯提取物的抗氧化活性之一与生长过程中的紫外线暴露水平有关。与细胞培养中的海带相比，Dulse提取物表现出更大的抗增殖活性。最近，我们确定了独特的红藻，在dulse和展示的差异，暴露于不同数量的紫外线照射的样品中的菌孢素样氨基酸（MAAs）的增长。在本提案中，我们计划：a）使用色谱法来确认身份，并从杜勒斯、爱尔兰苔藓和假爱尔兰苔藓中分离出“克”量的MAA，用于抗氧化剂和细胞培养研究，因为这些化合物无法在商业上获得; B）使用新的和已建立的抗氧化剂测定法来确定天然红藻提取物和纯化的MAA的有效性; c）研究天然红藻提取物和纯化的MAA对结肠癌和乳腺癌细胞系的抗增殖活性及其对细胞酶系统如氧化途径的影响; e）研究dulse饮食对大鼠乳腺癌的影响，并确定这些影响是否与红藻MAAs或其他成分（如纤维）有关。这些研究将培养3名硕士，1名博士生和一名功能食品研究领先领域的技术人员，应用于食品工业，特别是海洋和慢性疾病风险降低。

The proposed research seeks to identify and characterize the protective antioxidant and other biological activities of unique components from edible seaweeds harvested from the east (Grand Manan, NB; NS, PEI) and west (Bamfield, B.C.) coasts of Canada. These seaweed components can potentially inhibit lipid oxidation in processed foods to increase their safety and stability; and play a role in reducing diet-related chronic disease risk factors in breast or colon cancer studied using animal models. We have published data on the antioxidant activities of extracts from edible seaweeds including dulse (P. palmata) and various kelps (Laminaria, Macrocystis, Nereocystis sp.). We also reported that one of the antioxidant activities of dulse extracts was related to the level of UV- exposure during growth. Dulse extracts exhibited greater antiproliferative activity compared to those of the kelps in cell culture. Recently, we identified mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) unique to red algae, in dulse and demonstrated differences in the MAAs of samples exposed to varying amounts of UV-irradiation during growth. In this proposal, we plan to: a) use chromatography to confirm the identity and isolate 'gram' quantities of MAAs from dulse, Irish Moss and False Irish Moss to use in antioxidant and cell culture studies since these compounds are not available commercially; b) use new and established antioxidant assays to determine the effectiveness of crude red algal extracts and purified MAAs; c) study the antiproliferative activity of crude red algal extracts and purified MAAs against colon and breast cancer cell lines and their influence on cellular enzyme systems such as the oxidation pathways; d) determine whether dietary MAAs are absorbed and enter the circulation in animal models; e)study the effects of dulse diets on breast cancer in rats and determine if these effects are related to red algal MAAs, or other components such as the fibre. These studies will train 3 MSc, 1 PhD students & a technician in a leading area of Functional Food research with application to the food industry, particularly the Maritimes, and chronic disease risk reduction.