Aerodynamical studies of enviromental flows related to fluid-structure interactions

这项研究工作与风工程研究有关，重点是i)模型建筑物周围的非定常流动，以及ii)风力发电场开发地点的微尺度风模拟（大气边界层下部的实验和数值模拟）。这项工作的目的是模拟、测量和表征与模型建筑物周围的流动结构有关的非定常现象与来风方向的关系。我们将特别研究各种观察到的现象的稳定性以及它们从一种状态到另一种状态的转变。为此，将在模型建筑物附近同时进行速度测量和表面压力测量。测量的同时性将允许流动的非定常结构与施加在模型建筑物上的压力之间的关联。因此，我们将能够估计实际的风荷载，包括出现在不同建筑物上的峰值荷载。结果应该增加有关风引起的峰值压力估计的知识。提案的第二部分是一个与风能开发有关的更全面的合作研究项目的组成部分，它是对确定安装风力发电场的不同地点的风力分布进行量化。风图、风统计和大气边界层剖面图是用来更好地估计建筑物和风力涡轮机等结构的峰值风荷载的基本工具。为了实现这个项目，将使用一些创新的工具，特别是用于风建模和风洞测量的专门计算机程序。还计划在不同地点设置气象站，以确认这些地点的风速。这样就有可能利用这些地点的大气边界层数据对不同结构上的峰值风荷载进行数值和实验模拟。这些结构上的风荷载将与风速和风向相关，特别是风力涡轮机塔。更好、更经济的结构设计将成为可能。

This research work is related to the study of wind engineering with an emphasis on i) unsteady flows around model buildings, along with complementary work in ii) micro-scale wind simulations over sites for the development of wind farms (experimental and numerical simulation of the lower part of the atmospheric boundary layer). The objective of this work is to model, to measure and to characterize the unsteady phenomena related to flow structures around model buildings in relationship with the direction of the incoming wind. We will in particular study the stability of various observed phenomena and their transformation from one state to the other. To do this, simultaneous velocity measurements in the immediate vicinity of model buildings and pressure measurements on the surfaces will be undertaken. The simultaneity of measurements will allow correlation between the unsteady structures of the flow with the pressures exerted on the model buildings. We will thus be able to estimate the real wind loads, including peak loads, that are present on different buildings. The results should add to the knowledge concerning peak pressure estimations induced by wind. The second part of the proposal, a component of a more comprehensive, collaborative research program related to the development of wind energy, is to quantify the wind distribution over different sites identified for the installation of wind farms. Wind maps, wind statistics and atmospheric boundary layer profiles are essential tools used to better estimate peak wind loads on structures like buildings and wind turbines located on a site. To realize this project, several innovative tools will be used, in particular specialized computer programs for wind modelling and wind tunnel measurements. It is also planned to install meteorological stations on different sites in order to confirm the wind speeds for those sites. It will then be possible to use the atmospheric boundary layer data of the sites to model both numerically and experimentally the peak wind loads on different structures. Wind loads on these structures will be correlated with the wind speeds and wind direction, in particular wind turbine towers. Better and more economical structural design will then be possible.