Eye tracking systems

我研究的长期目标是开发临床有用的非侵入性方法来记录和分析婴儿、儿童和成人正常和异常的眼球运动和视觉扫描模式。在过去的20年里，我在多伦多大学的团队开发了头戴式眼球追踪和凝视估计系统，这些系统已被用于神经病学、眼科、精神病学、人机界面以及飞行员和驾驶员行为评估等各种研究中。头戴式系统最适合需要大而快速的头部运动的应用，但不适合长时间监视凝视或不需要受试者合作的应用。本应用程序的目标是开发远程（无头部附件）注视估计系统的理论和实践，该系统需要最少的受试者合作。远程注视估计系统将用于婴儿和老年患者的临床研究。远程，校准免费（无受试者合作）的注视估计系统的发展是基于最近的理论进展，我们的眼动跟踪研究和我们的专业知识，在视频图像的眼睛特征的检测和估计。与我们的头戴式系统一样，远程系统利用摄像机捕捉受试者眼睛的图像，并利用红外光源照亮眼睛。我们将使用注视点估计系统来a)研究婴儿或语言前儿童的视觉扫描模式，以确定他们处理视觉信息的能力，b)为年龄相关性黄斑变性患者开发一种视觉辅助工具（视线控制放大镜）。

The long-term objectives of my research are to develop clinically useful non-invasive methods of recording and analyzing normal and abnormal eye movements and visual scanning patterns, in infants, children and adults.  Over the past 20 years my group at the University of Toronto has developed head-mounted eye-tracking and gaze estimation systems that have been used in a variety of studies in neurology, ophthalmology, psychiatry, human machine interfaces and in the evaluation of pilots and drivers behavior.  Head-mounted systems are optimal for applications that require large and fast head-movements but are not suitable for monitoring gaze over long time periods or in applications that require no subject's cooperation.  The goals of this application are to develop the theory and practice of remote (no head attachments) gaze estimation systems that require minimal subject's cooperation.  The remote gaze estimation systems will be used in clinical studies with infants and elderly patients. The development of remote, calibration free (no subject cooperation) gaze-estimation systems is based on recent theoretical advances in our eye-tracking research and our expertise in the detection and estimation of eye-features in video images.  As in our head-mounted systems, the remote system utilizes video cameras to capture images of the subject's eye and infrared light sources to illuminate the eye.  We will use the point-of-gaze estimation system to a) study visual scanning patterns of infants or pre-verbal children in order to determine their ability to process visual information, and b) develop a visual aid (gaze-controlled magnifier) for patients with age-related macular degeneration.