Sound calibration system and data storage

用语言交流复杂思想和情感的能力是人类独有的。此外，人们通常认为人类的声音是第一种乐器。说话和唱歌的核心技能都是发声器官(喉咙、舌头、下巴和嘴唇)的精确协调。临床和实验证据表明，听到自己的声音对发声控制很重要。例如，人们在学会说话后失去了听力，这表明他们的讲话质量逐渐下降。听力损失后不久，经常会出现与强度、音调控制和语速有关的问题。然而，只有在长时间的耳聋之后，元音和辅音的发音才会出现问题。当听力受损的人在助听器或人工耳蜗等技术的帮助下再次听到自己的语音时，他们的语音质量通常会恢复正常。这种观察表明，言语的某些方面立即受到耳聋的影响，而另一些方面在耳聋发作后保持相对较长的时间不变，这表明言语产生的一些特征依赖于听觉反馈，而另一些特征则依赖于神经表示，使大脑能够预测特定声道运动将产生什么声音。我的研究计划的目标是了解大脑如何形成并使用这些声学-运动关系的表征来说话。为了揭示相关的神经机制，我将使用功能磁共振成像和事件相关电位实验来推进我们对发声至关重要的感觉运动映射的基本理解。一些沟通障碍被认为与运动控制和感觉反馈相关的机制失败有关。了解支持语言的感觉运动表征将有助于开发这些形式的沟通障碍的治疗方法。此外，这项研究可能有助于阐明听力障碍对儿童言语发展和成人可理解言语的保护的影响，以及与第二语言学习研究相关的问题。

The ability to communicate complex thoughts and emotions with speech is uniquely human. As well, it is commonly assumed that the human voice was the first musical instrument. The core skill required for both speaking and singing is the precise coordination of the vocal articulators (larynx, tongue, jaw, and lips). Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that hearing your own voice is important for vocal control. For example, people who lose their hearing after they have learned to talk show a gradual deterioration in the quality of their speech. Problems related to intensity, pitch control and speech rate are frequently seen soon after hearing loss. However, it is only after much longer periods of deafness that problems in vowel and consonant production appear. When hearing impaired individuals can again hear their own speech with the help of technologies such as hearing aids or cochlear implants, the quality of their speech typically returns to normal. This observation that some aspects of speech are immediately affected by deafness while others persist unaltered for a relatively long time after deafness onset shows that some features of speech production rely on auditory feedback, while others rely on a neural representation that allows the brain to predict what sound will result from a particular vocal tract movement. The goal of my research program is to understand how the brain forms and uses these representations of the acoustic-motor relationship for speech. To uncover the neural mechanisms involved, I will use functional magnetic resonance imaging and event-related potential experiments to advance our basic understanding of the sensorimotor mappings that are critical to vocalization. Several communication disorders are thought to be linked to a failure in the mechanisms that relate motor control and sensory feedback. Understanding the sensorimotor representations supporting speech will aid the development of treatments for these forms of communication disorders. In addition, the research may help clarify the impact of hearing impairments on the development of speech in children and the preservation of intelligible speech in adults, as well as be relevant to research on second-language learning.