Precision computations for standard model and beyond

谁不想知道我们这个世界的基本组成部分以及它们相互作用的方式呢？核物理和粒子物理正是研究这个问题的。根据粒子物理学的标准模型，有六种类型的夸克、六种类型的轻子和相应的反粒子，它们通过四种相互作用连接在一起。几十年来，人们一直认为被称为中微子的轻子既没有电荷也没有质量。然而，来自加拿大世界级设施萨德伯里中微子天文台的新测量结果清楚地表明，太阳中微子在向地球传输的过程中改变了它们的类型，这只能用小质量来解释。这是否意味着粒子物理学的标准模型是不正确的，或者只是一个更大、更全面的模型的近似值？中微子是通过弱相互作用探测到的。仅这一点就足以使弱相互作用值得更深入地研究。此外，它违反了奇偶性！我们可以进行违反宇称的电子-核子散射实验，研究核子中“奇异”夸克的分布和动力学，将“奇异”夸克作为整体理解夸克-反夸克海性质的关键。

Who would not want to know the basic constituents of our world and the way they interact? Nuclear and particle physics studies exactly that. According to the Standard Model of particle physics, there are six types of quarks, six types of leptons, and corresponding anti-particles connected by four interactions. For decades it was believed that a lepton called a neutrino should have neither charge nor mass. However, new measurements from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, a world-class Canadian facility, have clearly shown that solar neutrinos change their type in transit to the Earth, which can only be explained by small mass. Does this mean that the Standard Model of Particle Physics is incorrect, or just an approximation of a larger, more global model? The neutrinos are being detected via weak interaction. That alone would make weak interaction worth studying more closely. In addition, it violates parity! We can conduct experiments of parity-violating electron-nucleon scattering to study the distribution and dynamics of "strange" quarks in the nucleon, using "strange" quark as a key to the overall understanding of quark-antiquark sea properties.