Marek's disease, a lymphoma caused by herpesvirus-replication dynamics, pathogenesis and vaccine effect

马立克氏病病毒（MDV）引起马立克氏病（MD），一种家禽淋巴瘤。 MDV在全球普遍存在，因此几乎所有的商业鸡都接种了MD疫苗。MD在未接种疫苗的鸡群中的发病率可高达20- 30%;这在20世纪70年代早期引入MD疫苗之前是常见的。MD疫苗的不寻常之处在于它不能预防强毒MDV感染，而是疫苗病毒在与宿主中的强毒病毒共存时预防肿瘤形成。发生这种情况的机制还不清楚。MD肿瘤细胞携带MDV基因组，这意味着肿瘤细胞被病毒感染。由于MD肿瘤细胞不被MDV感染杀死，因此它们必须被潜伏感染。否则，MDV会杀死溶解性感染的细胞。检测这些潜伏感染的细胞非常困难，因为MDV在潜伏期间仅产生少数病毒特异性蛋白质和RNA。然而，为了了解MD的发病机制和疫苗接种机制，了解溶解性和潜伏性感染的动态是至关重要的。

Marek's disease virus (MDV) causes Marek's disease (MD), a lymphoma of poultry. MDV is globally ubiquitous, thus almost all commercial chickens are vaccinated with the MD vaccine. Incidence of MD in unvaccinated chicken flocks can be as high as 20-30 %; this was commonly observed before the introduction of MD vaccines in the early 1970's. The MD vaccine is unusual in that it does not prevent virulent MDV infection, but rather the vaccine virus prevents tumor formation while co-existing with the virulent virus in the host. The mechanism by which this occurs is not well understood. MD tumor cells harbor the MDV genome, which means the tumor cells are infected with virus. Since MD tumor cells are not killed by the MDV infection, they must be infected latently. Otherwise MDV kills the lytically infected cells. It is very difficult to detect these latently infected cells as MDV makes only a few virus specific proteins and RNAs during latency. However, it is essential to know the dynamics of both lytic and latent infection in order to understand the pathogenesis and vaccination mechanisms in MD.