Impacts of hydropower induced extreme flows: estimation and mitigation of human and environmental risks

人们普遍认识到，需要改进方法，以了解和减轻大坝泄洪对社区和环境造成的风险，包括正常运行情况下与受控泄漏有关的高流量、溃决事件下的受控低流量和灾难性流量。这项工作促进了对这类风险的识别和估计，并制定了评估减少风险的结构性和非结构性替代缓解办法的方法。社区洪水损失评估和确定有助于规划缓解、预警和社区疏散的工具，需要分析利益攸关方在多个规划层面上面临的风险管理关切，但总体上归结为是否通知个人逃离或就地避难的问题。由于极高或极低流量造成的不利环境条件的风险，以及这些影响的缓解，需要开发环境响应模型，该模型旨在捕捉表现出强烈快速变化行为的极端事件。将选择和开发适当的建模工具，调查缓解替代方案，开发缓解替代方案，并制定绩效指标，以评估缓解做法在减少人类和环境风险方面的有效性。在评估和减轻社区影响时，将努力解决资产所有者和面临风险的社区所面临的关切。此外，还将开发工具，协助利益攸关方评估社区和环境风险之间的权衡以及替代缓解战略之间的权衡。

The need for improved methods for understanding and mitigating the risks imposed on communities and the environment due to dam releases, including high flows related to controlled spilling under normal operations, controlled low flows and catastrophic flows under breach events, is widely recognized. This work advances the identification and estimation of such risks and develops methods for assessing alternative structural and non-structural mitigation approaches for reducing them. Community flood loss estimation and the identification of tools that aid in planning for mitigation, warning, and evacuation of communities requires analysis of the risk management concerns faced by stakeholders at a number of planning levels, but in general reduce to questions of whether to inform individuals to escape or to shelter in place. The risk of adverse environmental conditions due to extreme high or low flows, and the mitigation of these impacts, requires the development of environmental response models that are designed to capture extreme events exhibiting intensive rapidly changing behavior. The selection, and development of appropriate modeling tools, investigation of mitigation alternatives, and development of mitigation alternatives, and development of performance indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of the mitigation practices for reducing human and environmental risks, will be undertaken. In evaluating and mitigating community impacts, efforts will be made to address the concerns faced by the asset owner and the community at risk. Additionally, tools for assisting stakeholders in evaluating trade-offs between the community and environmental risks and between alternative mitigation strategies will be developed.