Field and laboratory studies of river ice processes and hydraulics

在加拿大的河流中，当气温降到零度以下时，水中就会形成冰粒。活性冰粒是一种粘性很强的晶体，可以很容易地相互粘在一起，也可以粘在它们接触到的任何表面上。这可能导致河床上形成锚冰，堵塞取水口，并导致巴西絮体的发展，这些絮体上升到水面，成为连续冰盖的一部分。其中三个拟议项目的重点是开发和部署一种名为浅水冰剖面声纳的仪器，作为研究河流冰过程的工具。开发一种精确测量冰的性质的技术将使研究人员能够量化冰在河流中的沉积和运输。这对于发展精确的河流冰数值模型是至关重要的，这些模型对于评估堤坝对河流冰况的环境影响和评估气候变化对水资源的影响至关重要。

In Canadian rivers frazil ice particles form in the water when the air temperatures drop well below zero. Active frazil ice particles are very adhesive crystals that readily stick to each other or to any surface they come in contact with. This can lead to the formation of anchor ice on the river bed, clogging of water intakes and to the development of frazil flocs that rise to the water surface and become part of the continuous ice cover. Three of the proposed projects focus on the development and deployment of an instrument called the Shallow Water Ice Profiling Sonar as a tool for studying river ice processes. Development of an accurate technique for measuring the properties of frazil ice will enable researchers to quantify frazil ice deposition and transport in rivers. This is vital to the development of accurate numerical river ice models that are essential for the assessment of environmental effects of weirs and dams on the ice regime of rivers and the evaluation of climate change impacts on water resources.