Diversity and systematics of cellulose-and keratin-degrading ascomycetes

缺乏有关真菌的系统发育关系和多样性的信息是严重的，特别是在子囊菌门，一组，包括大多数经济上重要的真菌。子囊菌已被枚举和确定从许多栖息地，但研究记录其多样性是有限的选择性隔离介质和准确识别这些真菌的难度。许多子囊菌不知道形成有性状态，并根据它们的无性孢子形式（无性型）来定义。无性型真菌通常在解剖学上很简单，因此很难识别。在纯培养中不形成孢子阶段的子囊菌不能使用基于显微镜的技术鉴定。然而，传统方法的局限性，估计真菌的生物多样性和识别解剖简单或非孢子形成的物种，可以绕过分子技术，特别是PCR（聚合酶链反应）为基础的方法。

Lack of information concerning the phylogenetic relationships and diversity of fungi is acute, particularly within the Ascomycota, a group that includes the majority of economically important fungi. Ascomycetes have been enumerated and identified from many habitats, but studies documenting their diversity are limited by the selective nature of isolation media and the difficulty of accurately identifying these fungi. Many ascomycetes are not known to form sexual states and are defined on the basis of their asexual spore forms (anamorphs). Anamorphic fungi are typically simple anatomically and thus difficult to identify. Ascomycetes that form no spore stages in pure culture cannot be identified using microscopy-based techniques. However, the limitations of traditional methods for estimating fungal biodiversity and identifying anatomically simple or non-sporulating species can be circumvented by molecular techniques, particularly PCR (polymerase chain reaction) based methods.