Whole-body biodynamics and modelling

人体全身振动生物动力学反应的表征被广泛用于提高我们对振动对健康不利影响的认识，并辅助汽车座椅的设计。对于坐在刚性座椅上的受试者，使用驱动点机械阻抗、表观质量和座位到头部的传递率反应，在单轴振动下，身体的生物动力学反应是最广泛的特征，但仍有必要更好地了解车辆中遇到的多轴振动是如何传递到身体不同部位的，以了解所涉及的损伤机制。此外，需要在典型的悬架或粘弹性座椅上定义生物动力学响应，这些座椅更能代表车辆上使用的悬架或粘弹性座椅。这项工作计划旨在表征坐在粘弹性表面上并暴露在多轴全身振动中的人体的生物动力学反应，这些振动具有不同类型的道路、越野和工业车辆所遇到的情况。这些研究将涉及实验室调查，不同质量范围的男性和女性受试组将使用6自由度全身振动模拟器进行多轴和单轴振动。测量的反应，包括坐姿的变化，将被统计分析，以建立坐着的人体暴露在各种类型的车辆振动中的可靠目标数据。根据测量的响应，建立座椅的生物动力学模型，建立乘员-座椅模型，用于悬架和粘弹性座椅的设计和分析。这些模型的验证将通过将预测的乘员-座椅振动传递率响应与实验室在不同振动和姿势条件下与真实座椅和受试者测量的响应进行比较来建立。这项工作计划应该会对应用基于实验室的模型来可靠地表示典型车辆振动环境下的座椅乘员反应的可行性产生新的理解。

The characterization of the biodynamic response of human subjects exposed to whole-body vibration is widely used to enhance our knowledge of the adverse vibration health effects and to assist in the design of vehicle seats. While the biodynamic response of the body has ben most widely characterized under single-axis vibration using the driving-point mechanical impedance, apparent mass and seat-to-head transmissibility responses for subjects seated on a rigid seat, there is a need to better understand how the multi-axes vibration encountered in vehicles is transmitted to different parts of the body to provide an understanding of the injury mechanisms involved. Furthermore, the biodynamic responses need to be defined on typical suspension or visco-elastic seats which are more representative of those used in vehicles. This program of work is aimed at characterizing the biodynamic responses of the human body seated on visco-elastic surfaces and exposed to multiple-axes whole-body vibration representative of those encountered in different types of road, off-road and industrial vehicles. These studies will involve laboratory investigations in which groups of male and female subjects within different mass ranges will be submitted to multiple axes and single-axis vibration using a 6 degree-of-freedom whole-body vibration simulator. The measured responses, including variations in seated postures, will be statistically analyzed to establish reliable target data for the seated human body exposed to various types of vehicle vibration. On the basis of the measured responses, biodynamic models of the seated body will be developed to build occupant-seat models for design and analysis of suspension and visco-elastic seats. Validation of these models will be established by comparing the predicted occupant-seat vibration transmissibility responses with those measured in the laboratory with real seats and subjects under various vibration and postural conditions. This program of work should generate new understanding on the feasibility of applying laboratory-based models to reliably represent the seat-occupant responses under typical vehicle vibration environments.