Phenomenology of electroweak interactions

谁不想知道我们世界的基本组成部分以及它们相互作用的方式呢？核物理和粒子物理学正是研究这一点。根据粒子物理学的标准模型，有六种类型的夸克，六种类型的轻子和相应的反粒子通过四种相互作用连接起来。 几十年来，人们一直认为一种叫做中微子的轻子既不带电荷也不带质量。 然而，来自加拿大世界级设施萨德伯里中微子天文台的测量清楚地表明，太阳中微子在传输到地球的过程中改变了类型，这只能用小质量来解释。这是否意味着粒子物理学的标准模型是不正确的，或者只是一个更大的近似，更全球化的模型？中微子通过弱相互作用被探测到。仅这一点就足以使弱相互作用值得更深入地研究。此外，它违反了平价！我们可以通过宇称破缺的电子-核子散射实验来研究“奇异”夸克在核子中的分布和动力学，把“奇异”夸克作为全面理解夸克-反夸克海性质的一把钥匙。

Who would not want to know the basic constituents of our world and the way they interact? Nuclear and particle physics studies exactly that. According to the Standard Model of particle physics, there are six types of quarks, six types of leptons, and corresponding anti-particles connected by four interactions. For decades it was believed that a lepton called a neutrino should have neither charge nor mass. However, measurements from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, a world-class Canadian facility, have clearly shown that solar neutrinos change their type in transit to the Earth, which can only be explained by small mass. Does this mean that the Standard Model of Particle Physics is incorrect, or just an approximation of a larger, more global model? The neutrinos are being detected via weak interaction. That alone would make weak interaction worth studying more closely. In addition, it violates parity! We can conduct experiments of parity-violating electron-nucleon scattering to study the distribution and dynamics of "strange" quarks in the nucleon, using "strange" quark as a key to the overall understanding of quark-antiquark sea properties.