Spatial distribution and genetic models of Cu-Ni-PGE systems associated with the Sudbury structure

萨德伯里是地球上独一无二的地方。萨德伯里盆地是一个变形的陨石撞击坑（现在充满了沉积岩），形成于18.5亿年前。流星的撞击产生了一个直径约200公里的陨石坑，撞击释放的能量融化了大量岩石。这些岩石的冷却形成了萨德伯里火成岩杂岩（SIC）。与这些岩石和撞击结构相关的是大量的（Cu）、（Ni）、（Au）和铂族元素（PGE）金属，如铂（Pt）和钯（Pd）。这些金属被高温下形成的富硫液体（硫化物熔体）和过热陨石坑周围循环的热含水流体（热液流体）所调动。然而，由于该古撞击地点在陨石坑形成和碳化硅完全冷却后，多次受到变形、变质作用和热液流体循环的影响，金属（用于提取和工业发展）的经济浓度分布较为复杂。我们的兴趣特别集中在Cu-Ni-PGE矿化的分布上，通常被称为“下盘”矿床，它们具有复杂的分布和几何形状，难以在萨德伯里构造周围定位。该项目的目的是确定岩浆、变质和热液作用的组合如何控制Cu-Ni-PGE矿石的当前分布。目标是在对现有岩石进行详细测绘和分析的基础上，开发可作为寻找Cu-Ni-PGE资源的勘探载体的方法。加拿大经济部分以资源为基础，采矿业对加拿大的国内生产总值（GDP）作出了重大贡献。此外，金属开采是全球工业化和发展的重要组成部分。由于采矿容易受到金属价格的周期性波动的影响，因此可以从一个矿区提取的金属的多样化提供了更强大的经济基础，并尽量减少金属价格波动的影响。

Sudbury is a unique place on Earth. The Sudbury basin is a deformed meteoritic impact crater (now filled with sedimentary rocks) that was created 1,850 million years ago. The impact of the meteor produced a crater estimated at 200 km diameter and the energy released on impact melted a large volume of rocks. Cooling of these rocks resulted in igneous rocks grouped as the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC). Associated with these rocks and with the impact structure are large reserves of (Cu), nickel (Ni), gold (Au) and metals of the platinum group elements (PGE), such as platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd). These metals were mobilized by sulfur-rich liquids (sulfide melts) formed at high temperatures and also by hot aqueous fluids (hydrothermal fluids) circulating around the superheated impact crater. However, the distribution of economic concentration of metals (for the extraction and industrial development) is complicated because this ancient impact site has been affected by deformation, metamorphism and circulation of hydrothermal fluids in several occasions after the crater was formed and the SIC was completely cooled. Our interest, in particular, is focused on the distribution of Cu-Ni-PGE mineralization, commonly known as "footwall" deposits, which have complex distribution and geometries and are difficult to locate around the Sudbury Structure. The objective of this project is to determine how the combination of magmatic, metamorphic, and hydrothermal processes control the current distribution of Cu-Ni-PGE ores. The goal is to develop methods, based on detailed mapping and analysis of existing rocks, that can be used as exploration vectors to find Cu-Ni-PGE resources. The Canadian economy is partly resource based and the mining sector contributes significantly to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Canada. In addition, extraction of metals is an essential part of industrialization and development worldwide. Because mining is prone to cyclical fluctuations in metals prices, diversification of metals that can be extracted from one mining district provides a stronger economic foundation and minimizes the impact of metal price volatility.